Epidemiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Appearance Preoccupation in Youth: Prevalence, Comorbidity and Psychosocial Impairment
Little is known about how common and impairing body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is in the general population of youth. We evaluated the prevalence, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment associated with BDD and more broadly defined appearance preoccupation in young people. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 17, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Georgina Krebs, Bruce R. Clark, Tamsin J. Ford, Argyris Stringaris Tags: New Research Source Type: research

Rupture and Repair
Rupture and repair are key ingredients to connection. When ruptures in relationships occur, which they will, it is important to revisit the situation to work on restoring safety, regulation, attunement and understanding. Through engaging in this process, and providing consistent secure base and safe haven supports, conflicts have the opportunity to heal. Developmentally, the practice of rupture and repair begins during infancy and early childhood, laying the foundation for secure attachment. What happens when ruptures repeatedly occur without repair? How does this impact self-esteem and the narratives children create about...
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 11, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Misty C. Richards, Justin Schreiber Source Type: research

Sleep Physiology and Neurocognition Among Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
This study investigates differences in PSG-measured sleep among adolescents with ADHD versus non-psychiatric controls (NPC) and associations with neurocognition. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 11, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery, Mary A. Carskadon, Scott H. Kollins, Andrew D. Krystal Tags: New Research Source Type: research

Editorial: Placing Parenting in Context: Neighborhood Crime, Early Brain Development, and Socioemotional Outcomes
The past decade has seen scientific advances that have provided an unprecedented window into the earliest years of human brain development.1 These discoveries have corroborated what many have long hypothesized: the human brain does not develop in isolation, but through close interactions with its environment. Evidence converges to support the critical importance of the parent –child relationship—the immediate caregiving environment that comprises foundational building blocks of the child’s early socioemotional development.2-4 Attention is being increasingly directed to the role of the broader environment,5,6 the surr...
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 7, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sohye Kim Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Managing Growth Deceleration Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Stimulant-Induced Appetite Suppression
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been diagnosed in 9.8% of children ages 3-17 years in the United States according to CDC data from 2016-2019, and 62% of children with ADHD take medication as part of their treatment.1 Due to their well-established safety profile and high efficacy, central nervous system stimulants are used first line for symptom reduction in children with ADHD.2 For each patient, benefits of stimulant medications must be weighed against risks, which may include appetite suppression and weight loss in children. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 7, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sultana Jahan, Megan M. Loehr Tags: Best of Connect Source Type: research

Outpatient Evaluations: The Electronic Medical Record Report
Conducting a new patient evaluation is a core skill in the practice of child and adolescent psychiatry. For residents, the psychiatric evaluation of a child is a stressful transition point moving from general to child psychiatric specialty requiring new knowledge and skills. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 7, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael Jellinek Tags: Clinical Perspectives Source Type: research

Placing Parenting in Context: Neighborhood Crime, Early Brain Development, and Socioemotional Outcomes
The past decade has seen scientific advances that have provided an unprecedented window into the earliest years of human brain development.1 These discoveries have corroborated what many have long hypothesized: the human brain does not develop in isolation but through close interactions with its environment. Evidence converges to support the critical importance of the parent-child relationship – the immediate caregiving environment that comprises foundational building blocks of the child’s early socioemotional development. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 7, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sohye Kim Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Distinct Topological Properties of the Reward Anticipation Network in Preadolescent Children With Binge Eating Disorder Symptoms
Few studies have considered the neural underpinnings of binge eating disorder (BED) in children despite clinical and subclinical symptom presentation occurring in this age group. Symptom presentation at this age is of clinical relevance, as early onset of binge eating is linked to negative health outcomes. Studies in adults have highlighted dysfunction in the frontostriatal reward system as a potential candidate for binge eating pathophysiology although the exact nature of such dysfunction is currently unclear. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 7, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Elizabeth Martin, Meng Cao, Kurt P. Schulz, Tom Hildebrandt, Robyn Sysko, Laura A. Berner, Xiaobo Li Tags: New Research Source Type: research

Responding to the Youth Fentanyl Crisis: Practical Guidance for Child Psychiatrists
Deaths due to unintentional opioid overdose among youth living in the United States (US) have risen at an extraordinary rate over the past 4 years.1 After remaining stable over the preceding decade, the rate of drug overdose deaths increased more than 2.3-fold from 2019 to 2021 to a record high of 5.49 deaths per 100,000 youth.1 This rise in fatal overdoses is largely due to increased prevalence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl in the drug supply. In 2021, fentanyl was identified in 77.1% of overdose deaths among US adolescents, a 23.5-fold increase from 2010, compared to 13.3% for benzodiazepines, 5.8% for prescription ...
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 7, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christopher J. Hammond, Jesse D. Hinckley Tags: Clinical Perspectives Source Type: research

Editorial: The Relationship Between Internalized Racism and Mental Health Symptoms in Black Adolescents
Since the 1890s, scholars like W.E.B. DuBois have understood that Black people living under conditions of pervasive white supremacist oppression are subjected to constant assaults on their self-image.1 In the intervening years, Fanon,2 Morrison,3 and many others have described the complex psychological consequences of Black Americans attempting to live and adapt to the dominant culture, which devalues Black lives and Black cultural traditions, and how these devaluing messages reaffirm their inferior status in society. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kimberly Sims, J. Corey Williams Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Joint Trajectories of Depression and Rumination: Experiential Predictors and Risk of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescence. Rumination is a key risk factor and often co-occurs with depressive symptoms. This is the first study to examine the joint longitudinal trajectories of rumination and depressive symptoms as predictors of NSSI, and the adverse experiences associated with these trajectories. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jianjun Zhu, Wei Zhang, Yuanyuan Chen, Martin H. Teicher Tags: New Research Source Type: research

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment Post Gene Therapy for an Ultrarare Neurometabolic Disorder (AADC Deficiency)
A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent anxiety symptoms for several years following gene therapy for an ultrarare neurometabolic disorder [aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency]. AADC is the final enzyme in the monoamine synthesis pathway (Figure 1).1 Its absence results in a severe combined deficiency in serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, causing significant developmental delays, hypotonia, and dystonia. The incidence of AADC deficiency is estimated at ∼1 in 500,000;2 and ∼200 cases have been described. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Danielle A. Baribeau, Jacob A.S. Vorstman, Toni S. Pearson Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Spotlight on Juvenile Justice: Intersecting the Child Welfare System
Crossover youth include youth who have experienced maltreatment and engage in delinquent behaviors.1 Dual-system youth – or crossover youth with prior or current involvement in both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems (45-70% of juvenile justice-involved youth)1 – represent a particularly vulnerable population. When compared with juvenile justice-involved youth without maltreatment or child welfare hi story, crossover and dual-system youth are disproportionately Black or Indigenous American, female, and/or sexually minoritized, and have higher mental health needs and service use. (Source: Journal of the Amer...
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jasmine McClendon, Amanie M. Salem, Marcia Y. Mallorca, Anne B. McBride Tags: Best of Connect Source Type: research

Modeling Shared and Specific Variances of Irritability, Inattention, and Hyperactivity Yields Novel Insights Into White Matter Perturbations
Irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity, common presentations of childhood psychopathology, have been associated with perturbed white matter microstructure. However, similar tracts have been implicated across these phenotypes; such non-specificity could be rooted in their high co-occurrence. To address this problem, we employ a bifactor approach parsing unique and shared components of irritability, inattention, and hyperactivity, which we then relate to white matter microstructure. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 4, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cameron C. McKay, Brooke Scheinberg, Ellie P. Xu, Katharina Kircanski, Daniel S. Pine, Melissa A. Brotman, Ellen Leibenluft, Julia O. Linke Tags: New Research Source Type: research

Editorial: From the Identified Patient to Precision Medicine
The objective of this study was to address this clinical question. They examined whether and which patients, with insufficient weight gain after 3 months of FBT, could benefit from an additional treatment method, the “Intensive Parenting Counselling” (IPC). (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 4, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lea Ewering-Sher, Alan Apter Tags: Editorial Source Type: research