A significant association between CXCL10 -1447 A & gt; G and IL18 -607 C & gt; A gene polymorphism with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP), a case-control report from city of Mashhad, Iran
This study des igned to examine the association between several important gene polymorphisms and HAM-TSP. Genotypes of 232 samples from controls, HTLV-1 carriers, and HAM-TSP patients were examined for FAS-670 (A > G), CXCL10-1447 (A > G), Foxp3-3279 (C > A), IL-18 -137 (C > G), and IL-18 -607 (C > A) gene polymorphisms by different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. A non-significant association was observed between FAS-670 A > G, Foxp3-3279 C > A, and IL-18 -137 C > G gene polymorphisms and HAM-TSP. Nevertheless, a significant (P < 0.001) asso...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with worse emotional states in HIV infection
AbstractThe biological mechanisms underlying emotional distress in HIV infection are likely to be complex but remain understudied. We investigated whether dysbiotic signatures in the gut microbiome of persons living with HIV (PLWH) are associated with their emotional status. We retrospectively examined the gut microbiome and clinical evaluation of 129 adults (94 PLWH and 35 HIV −) enrolled at UC San Diego’s HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. A subset of participants (32 PLWH vs. 13 HIV−) underwent an emotional assessment using the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery summarized by three composite scores (negative affect, s...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered expression of fractalkine in HIV-1-infected astrocytes and consequences for the virus-related neurotoxicity
This study provides new information to broaden the understanding of HAND and possibly foresee new therapeutic strategies. Considering its neuro-protective functions, reducing its production from astrocytes could have important outcomes in chronic neuroinflammation and in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Detection of SARS-coronavirus-2 in the central nervous system of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and seizures
This study was designed to evaluate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can directly target the central nervous system (CNS). We present four patients suffering from the loss of consciousness and seizure during the clinical course of COVID-19 infection. In addition to positive nasopharyngeal swab tests, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in their cerebrospinal fluid. This report indicates the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the ability of this virus to spread from the respiratory tract to the CNS. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acute transverse myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a rare complicated case of rapid onset paraplegia
AbstractA 63-year-old Caucasian male, known case of controlled type 2 diabetes, chronic renal failure, and ischemic heart disease, was presented with weakness and loss of movement in lower limbs, an absent sensation from the chest below, constipation, and urinary retention. About 4 days before these symptoms, he experienced a flu-like syndrome. Suspicious for COVID-19, his nasopharyngeal specimen’s reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) resulted positive. Chest X-ray and HRCT demonstrated severe pulmonary involvement. Immediately, he was admitted to the e mergency ward, and the treatment was started a...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Accelerated epigenetic aging in adolescents living with HIV is associated with altered development of brain structures
We report on a cross-sectional study of PHIV+ enrolled in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort (CTAAC). The Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC array was used to generate DNA methy lation data from the blood samples of 180 PHIV+ aged 9 to 12 years. The epigenetic clock software and method was used to estimate two measures, epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccelerationResidual) and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA). Each participant underwent T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In order to investigate the associations of chronological age, sex, epigeneti...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Murine- β-coronavirus-induced neuropathogenesis sheds light on CNS pathobiology of SARS-CoV2
AbstractThe pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has caused widespread infection and significant mortality across the globe. Combined virology perspective of SARS-CoV-2 with a deep-rooted understanding of pathophysiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is of prime importance. The characteristic symptom of COVID-19 is respiratory distress with diffused alveolar damage, but emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 might also have neurologic consequences. Dysregulated homeostasis in the lungs has proven to be fatal, but one cannot ignore that the inability to breathe might be due to defec...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Potential mechanisms of cerebrovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients
AbstractSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019, it is gaining worldwide attention at the moment. Apart from respiratory manifestations, neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, especially the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), has been intensively investigated. In this review, the effects of COVID-19 infection on CVD were summarized as follows: (I) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be involved in the attack on vascular endothelial cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to endothelial damage and increased subintimal inflammation, wh...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Imaging manifestations on sequential magnetic resonance imaging in pharyngolaryngeal involvement by varicella zoster virus
AbstractClarifying temporal changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a good chance to understand the pathology of neural lesions; however, such information is scarce in varicella zoster virus (VZV) neuropathies for the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Here, we present the changes in sequential MR images of such a pathology over a period of 12 months from symptom onset.A 27-year-old woman with difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness due to a palatal palsy and arytenoid fixation on the left presented 2 days after onset. MRI revealed a lesion which largely filled the left jugular foramen on T2-weighted images ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Persistent COVID-19-associated neurocognitive symptoms in non-hospitalized patients
We present two cases of non-hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19 with persistent neurocognitive symptoms. Commonly used cognitive screens were normal, while more detailed testing revealed working memory and executive functioning deficits. An observational cohort study of individuals recovering from COVID-19 (14 or more days following symptom onset) identified that among the first 100 individuals enrolled, 14 were non-hospitalized patients reporting persistent cognitive issues. These 14 participants had a median age of 39 years (interquartile range: 35–56), and cognitive symptoms were present for at least a me...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association between high proviral load, cognitive impairment, and white matter brain lesions in HTLV-1-infected individuals
AbstractThe association between high proviral load (PVL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cognitive disturbance and white matter brain lesions in HTLV-1-infected individuals is still undefined. A cross-sectional study included 62 participants: 22 asymptomatic carriers (mean age 43.4 ± 13.1 years old), 22 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) (mean age 51.5 ± 8.7 years old), and 18 uninfected controls (mean age 52.3 ± 11.1 years old). All individuals fulfilled the following criteria: between 18 and 65 years of age, more than 4 years of formal education, and completed neuropsychological...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19
AbstractAs the SARS-COV-2 becomes a global pandemic, many researchers have a concern about the long COVID-19 complications. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a persistent, debilitating, and unexplained fatigue disorder. We investigated psychological morbidities such as CFS and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among survivors of COVID-19 over 6 months. All COVID-19 survivors from the university-affiliated hospital of Tehran, Iran, were assessed 6 months after infection onset by a previously validated questionnaire based on the Fukuda guidelines for CFS/EM and DSM-5 Checklist for PTSD (The P...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Emergence of myasthenia gravis in dengue infection —first case report
We report a unique case of DENV-1 infection presenting with bilateral ptosis and dysphagia in a previously healthy adult. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - February 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
CD8 + T cells in the central nervous system of mice with herpes simplex infection are highly activated and express high levels of CCR5 and CXCR3
This study shows that during herpesvirus neuroinflammation anti-viral CD8+ T cells accumulate in the CNS. CD8+ T cells in the CNS also express chemotactic receptors cognate to the chemotactic gradients in the spinal cord. This indicates that anti-viral CD8+ T cells may migrate to infected areas in the spinal cord during herpesvirus neuroinflammation in response to chemotactic gradients. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, a post-infectious neurologic complication of COVID-19: case series and review of literature
We report seven cases of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome presumably parainfectious in nature and discuss their phenomenology, their possible pathophysiological relationship to COVID-19, and diagnostic and treatment strategy in each case. Finally, we review the relevant data in the literature regarding the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and possible similar cases associated with COVID-19 and its diagnostic importance for clinicians in various fields of medicine encountering COVID-19 patients and its complications. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
