Correction to: The anti-cancer drug Sunitinib promotes autophagy and protects from neurotoxicity in an HIV-1 Tat model of neurodegeneration. Journal of NeuroVirology 2017
(Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
GP120 and tenofovir alafenamide alter cannabinoid receptor 1 expression in hippocampus of mice
AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) dysfunction remains prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is evidence that low-level HIV infection and ART drugs may contribute to CNS damage in the brain of PWH with suppressed viral loads. As cannabis is used at a higher rate in PWH compared to the general population, there is interest in understanding how HIV proteins and ART drugs interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and inflammation in the CNS. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the HIV envelope protein gp120 and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on cannabinoid receptor ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction: Tat expression led to increased histone 3 tri-methylation at lysine 27 and contributed to HIV latency in astrocytes through regulation of MeCP2 and Ezh2 expression
(Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Abstracts of the 19th International Symposium on NeuroVirology October 2 –5, 2023 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
(Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sex differences in cognitive function among people with HIV-1 clade C infection in Northern India
In this study conducted in Northern India, differences in neuropsychological functioning were compared between 109 participants (70 men, 39 women) with untreated HIV-1 clade C infection and 110 demographically matched healthy controls (74 men, 36 wome n). A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was used to examine depression, self-assessment of functioning, and cognitive performance in six domains of functioning. Group differences were assessed by HIV-1 status and sex, controlling for age and education. Results indicated that cognitive deficit s were substantially greater among male participants with HIV-1 clade C compa...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with peripheral neuropathy susceptibility in people living with HIV in Greece
AbstractRelatively little research has been done in recent years to understand what leads to the unceasingly high rates of HIV sensory neuropathy despite successful antiretroviral treatment. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate neuronal damage induced by HIV and increasingly identified ART neurotoxicity involving mitochondrial dysfunction and innate immune system activation in peripheral nerves, ultimately all pathways resulting in enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, many infectious/autoimmune/malignant diseases are influenced by the production-profile of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cy...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Long-term survival from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in living-donor liver transplant recipient with preformed donor-specific antibody
AbstractIntensive immunosuppression has enabled liver transplantation even in recipients with preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA), an independent risk factor for graft rejection. However, these recipients may also be at high risk of progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML) due to the comorbid immunosuppressed status. A 58-year-old woman presented with self-limited focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures 9 months after liver transplantation. She was desensitized using rituximab and plasma exchange before transplantation and was subsequently treated with steroids, tacrolimus, and everolimus after transplantation ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
HSV-1 latency-associated transcript miR-H3 and miR-H4 target STXBP1 and GABBR2 genes
This study found that miRNAs encoding LAT might target the STXBP1 and GABBR2 genes, which are among the significant genes in the GABAergic pathway. Bioinformatic analysis utilizing TargetScan version 5.2 and the RNA22 tools uncovered miRNAs encoding LAT that can influence STXBP1 and GABBR2 transcripts. To evaluate the targeting effect of candidate microRNAs encoding LAT, namely, miR-H3 and miR-H4, LAT constructs were transfected into HEK 293T cells. The expression levels of microRNAs encoding LAT, as well as STXBP1 and GABBR2, were assayed by real-time PCR. Finally, the targeting potential of STXBP1 and GABBR2 3 ′UTR by ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Revisiting JC virus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
AbstractSince its definition 65 years ago, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has continued to devastate a growing population of immunosuppressed patients despite major advances in our understanding of the causative JC virus (JCV). Unless contained by the immune system, JCV lyses host oligodendrocytes collateral to its life cycle, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and death. Novel treatments have stagnated in the absence of an animal model while current antiviral agents fail to address the now ubiquitous polyomavirus. In this review, we highlight the established pathogenesis by which JCV infectio...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Combined effects of loneliness and inflammation on depression in people with HIV
ConclusionsIncreased coagulation activity is associated with loneliness, and in the context of loneliness, may increase risk for depression. Increased inflammation was associated with depression suggesting potentially dissociable underlying biological processes. To the extent that these processes are modifiable, such findings could have important implications in the treatment of loneliness and depression in PWH. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Guillain-Barr é syndrome as clinical presentation of a recently acquired hepatitis C
AbstractAbout 40% of the Guillain-Barr é syndrome (GBS) cases are associated with prodromal infections; occasionally, it has been associated to chronic hepatitis C or its reactivation. A 38-year-old man came to our attention after transaminase elevation occurred during recovery from GBS. All the possible causes of acute hepatitis were excluded except for the positivity of HCVRNA, and a diagnosis of new onset hepatitis C was made. Recalling patient history, we observed that (i) anti-HCV antibodies were negative and liver enzymes were normal 7 weeks before GBS onset; (ii) in the early stages of ICU admission, liver enzym...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Advances in HIV therapeutics and cure strategies: findings obtained through non-human primate studies
AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the main contributor of the ongoing AIDS epidemic, remains one of the most challenging and complex viruses to target and eradicate due to frequent genome mutation and immune evasion. Despite the development of potent antiretroviral therapies, HIV remains an incurable infection as the virus persists in latent reservoirs throughout the body. To innovate a safe and effective cure strategy for HIV in humans, animal models are needed to better understand viral proliferation, disease progression, and therapeutic response. Nonhuman primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (S...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Immune-mediated cerebellitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection —a case report and review of the literature
AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be associated with a wide variety of neurological manifestations. Some of these manifestations might result from the ongoing systemic inflammatory state, but the pathophysiology of specific neurologic involvement is still unclear. In this article, we report a patient who developed an isolated cerebellar syndrome 9 weeks after an episode of COVID-19. The reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A post-infectious–autoimmune-cerebellitis following COVID-19 was suspected, and the patient was treated...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Evolving etiologies, comorbidities, survival, and costs of care in adult encephalitis
AbstractEncephalitis is a central nervous system disorder, often caused by infectious agents or aberrant immune responses. We investigated causes, comorbidities, costs, and outcomes of encephalitis in a population-based cohort. ICD-10 codes corresponding to encephalitis were used to identify health services records for all adults from 2004 to 2019. Data were cross-validated for identified diagnoses based on laboratory confirmation using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. We identified persons with a diagnosis of encephalitis and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results (n = 581) in whom viral genome wa...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Detection of disease-associated microglia among various microglia phenotypes induced by West Nile virus infection in mice
In this study, we examined the diversity of microglia phenotypes caused by WNV infection by assessing various microglia markers and identified disease-associated microglia in WNV-infected mouse brain tissue. Cells positive for general microglia markers such as Iba1, P2RY12, or TMEM119 were detected in the control and WNV-infected brain tissue. The morphology of the positive cells in brain tissue infected by WNV was different from that of control brain tissue, indicating that WNV infection induced activation of microglia. The activated microglia were classified into various phenotypes by investigation of specific marker exp...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
