Neuropathies and neurological dysfunction induced by coronaviruses
This article analyzes and discusses the main mechanisms of coronavirus-induced neurodegeneration according to the current experimental and clinical studies. Coronaviruses can damage the nerves directly through endovascular dysfunctions thereby affecting nerve structures and synaptic connections. Coronaviruses can also induce neural cell degeneration indirectly via mitochondrial dysfunction inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thus, coronaviruses can cause neurological disorders by inducing neurovascular dysfunction affecting nerve structures and synaptic connections, and by inducing inflammation, oxidati...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of cocaine and HIV on decision-making abilities
AbstractOur study aimed to understand the impact of cocaine dependence on high-risk decision-making abilities in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and individuals with cocaine dependence. We recruited 99 participants (27 HIV/Cocaine, 20 HIV Only, 26 Cocaine Only, and 26 Healthy Controls). The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was applied to assess decision-making abilities. Independent and interactive effects of HIV status and cocaine dependence were examined using 2 × 2 factorial ANCOVA with premorbid IQ (WRAT-4: WR) as the covariate. We found cocaine dependence had a significant adverse effect on overall...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: population-wide incidences, comorbidities, costs of care, and outcomes
Abstract
Neurological disorders associated with chronic infections are often progressive as well as challenging to diagnose and manage. Among 4.4 million persons from 2004 to 2019 receiving universal health, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML,n = 58) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD,n = 93) cases were identified, revealing stable yearly incidence rates with divergent comorbidities: HIV/AIDS affected 37.8% of PML cases while cerebrovascular disease affected 26.9% of CJD cases. Most CJD cases died within 1 year (73%) although PML cases lived beyond 5 years (34.1%) despite hig her initial costs of c...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy in an adult with COVID-19
AbstractAs the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has enveloped the world in a pandemic, it has become clear that the symptoms extend far beyond the respiratory system and have particularly caused a wide range of neurologic CNS complications, including diffuse leukoencephalopathy. Here, we describe a case of a 59-year-old male with severe COVID-19 infection who developed severe encephalopathy, which persisted well after his acute infection had subsided and had begun to improve from his respiratory dysfunction. He was found to have diffuse leukoencephalopathy with concomitant diffusion restriction on MR imaging. This case repre...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: TCA cycle metabolic compromise due to an aberrant S ‑nitrosoproteome in HIV‑associated neurocognitive disorder with methamphetamine use
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-021-00985-x (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A case report of simultaneous autoimmune and COVID-19 encephalitis
AbstractCOVID-19 encephalitis is a rare condition usually presenting with altered mental status. Simultaneous presence of anti-NMDAR antibody and SARS-CoV-2 virus in CSF is a very rare condition described in a few case reports so far. On the other hand, brain edema is an unusual presentation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Herein, we reported a case with simultaneous detection of anti-NMDAR antibody and SARS-CoV-2 virus in her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) presenting with brain edema, altered mental status, seizures, and respiratory symptoms. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Evaluation of iron, ferritin, copper, and ceruloplasmin along with proviral load in human T lymphotropic virus type 1 –associated myelopathy
In this study, we evaluated the levels of serum iron, ferritin, copper, and ceruloplasmin, and their correlations with HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) and standard indices of HAM severity. In total, 114 subjects were recruited in this cross sectional study in Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between 2017 and 2018, including 36 HAM and 32 asymptomatic cases (ACs) and 46 healthy people (HSs). The clinical examination and evaluation of serum levels of biochemical factors and proviral load were performed. The PVL in HAM and ACs were 1835.49 ± 382.81 and 280.97 ± 67.41 copies/104 PBMCs, which statistically differed. Significant d...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The increased intrathecal expression of the monocyte-attracting chemokines CCL7 and CXCL12 in tick-borne encephalitis
In conclusion, the monocytes are recruited into t he intrathecal compartment in concert with other leukocyte populations in TBE. CCL7 and CXCL12 have been found upregulated intrathecally but are not likely to be the main monocyte chemoattractants. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TCA cycle metabolic compromise due to an aberrant S-nitrosoproteome in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder with methamphetamine use
AbstractIn the brain, both HIV-1 and methamphetamine (meth) use result in increases in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This redox stress is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and further worsening cognitive activity in the setting of drug abuse. One consequence of such redox stress is aberrant protein S-nitrosylation, derived from nitric oxide, which may disrupt normal protein activity. Here, we report an improved, mass spectrometry-based technique to assess S-nitrosylated protein in human postmortem brains using selective enrichment of S-nitrosocysteine residues wi...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Central nervous system vasculopathy associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a novel case report from Iran
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents respiratory symptoms as the most common clinical manifestations. Similar to some other viral infections, it can cause severe neurological damages. Here, we describe a 40-year-old man case who initially was admitted to a major hospital with presenting 7 days with weak flu-like symptoms (cough) and fever then presented neurology signs for 3 days. Physical examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral vasculopathy. Molecular testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swab by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Unexpected worsening of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy following COVID-19 pneumonia
AbstractProgressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy is a serious side effect of natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Here, we report a case of unexpected worsening of natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy following COVID-19. After natalizumab discontinuation, a slight neurological improvement was observed, but, two months later the patient was admitted to the hospital because of neurological deterioration and COVID-19 mild pneumonia. Except for SARS-CoV-2 infection, no other potential factors of neurological worsening were identified. Th...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Herpesvirus encephalitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction at the National Institute of Neurology of Mexico
AbstractThe frequency of central nervous system infections due to herpesvirus have been studied in various populations; however, studies in Mexican mestizo patients are scant. This paper documents the frequency of herpesvirus encephalitis in Mexican mestizo patients from the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) of Mexico. To study the frequency of herpetic viral encephalitis at the NINN in the period from 2004 to 2009. We reviewed clinical records from patients with clinically suspected encephalitis; polymerase chain reaction assays were done for detection of herpesviruses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sa...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Characteristics of taste dysfunction in COVID ‑19 subjects coming from two different countries
A correction to this paper has been published:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-021-00976-y (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Limbic encephalitis in a COVID-19 patient?
We describe the case of a 79-year-old woman infected by SARS-CoV-2 and purely neurological confusional syndrome without clinically relevant respiratory disease and NMR alterations of the limbic system. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 31, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Assessment, prevalence, and correlates of frailty among middle-aged adults with HIV in rural Uganda
AbstractWe investigated the prevalence and risk factors for frailty among people with HIV (PWH) in rural Uganda (n = 55, 47% male, mean age 44 years). Frailty was defined according to the Fried criteria with self-reported physical activity level replacing the Minnesota Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire. Alternate classifications for physical activity utilized were the sub-Saharan Africa Activity Questio nnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Eleven participants (19%) were frail. Frail participants were older (p < 0.001), less likely to be on antiretroviral therapy (p = 0.03), an...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 31, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
