A case of trigeminal neuralgia developing after a COVID-19 vaccination
AbstractIn this case, we report a patient who developed acute trigeminal neuritis after using a Pfizer-BioNtech vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The patient was completely recovered with steroid treatment. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - December 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Associations of alcohol use, HIV infection, and age with brain white matter microstructure
In conclusion, results are consistent with a dose-dependent association of alcohol use with lower white matter microstructural coherence. Concordance between FA and RD f indings suggests dysmyelination as a mechanism. Findings underscore the need to address unhealthy alcohol use in HIV-positive and seronegative individuals, the consequences of which may be exacerbated by aging. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acute meningoencephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Colombia
We present the case of a patient in the third decade of life, with asthma as comorbidity, who presented to the emergency department due to odynophagia, dyspnea, and cough of 2 days of evolution, later developing acute ventilatory failure requiring orotracheal intubation. The high-resolution chest tomography study showed consolidation due to a pneumonic process towards the posterior segment of the right lower lobe with areas of ground-glass infiltrates with a peripheral distribution. During the clinical course, the patient presented multiple seizure episodes that met the criteria for status epilepticus with MRI compatible...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment among older adults living with HIV
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between aMCI and plasma VEGF biomarkers among older PWH. Data were collected at a university-based research center from 2011 to 2013. Participants were 67 antiretroviral therapy-treated, virally suppressed PWH. Participants completed comprehensive neurobehavioral and neuromedical evaluations. aMCI status was determined using adapted Jak/Bondi criteria, classifying participants as aMCI + if their performance was > 1 SD below the normative mean on at least two of four memory assessments. VEGF family plasma biomarkers (i.e., VEGF, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and PIG...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Multiple demyelinating sensory and motor mononeuropathy associated with COVID-19: a case report
AbstractThe involvement of the nervous system may occur in 36.4% of patients with COVID-19. Cases have been described of cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis, encephalopathies, and changes in smell and taste. Two months after being discharged from hospital with COVID-19, a 63-year-old male patient presented with a predominantly demyelinating multiple sensory and motor mononeuropathy. A diagnostic possibility of multiple sensory and motor demyelinating mononeuropathy (Lewis-Sumner syndrome) was made. Treatment with human immunoglobulin was initiated. COVID-19 may be associated with multiple demyelinating sensory and motor...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Artery of Percheron infarction associated with COVID-19 in the young adult
We presented the case of a young adult patient with infarction in the artery of Percheron territory as a presenting feature of COVID-19. Artery of Percheron infarction is a neurodiagnostic challenge in emergency during COVID-19 pandemic. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Susac syndrome complicating a SARS-CoV-2 infection
We present a case of a 40-year-old man diagnosed with Susac syndrome after COVID-19, presenting with acute sensorineural hearing loss, encephalopathy, a splenial “snowball-like” lesion, and branch retinal artery occlusions with distal arterial wall hyperintensity. Although the pathophysiology of Susac syndrome remains unclear, this case is in line with the ongoing debate about the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the human immune system. Corticosteroid treatme nt was initiated, followed by two treatments with rituximab, with clinical improvement of the symptomatology. Maintenance treatment currently consists of mycophenolic ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections, before and after COVID-19: a review of animal studies
AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus, which was first identified in December 2019 in China, has resulted in a yet ongoing viral pandemic. Coronaviridae could potentially cause several disorders in a wide range of hosts such as birds and mammals. Although infections caused by this family of viruses are predominantly limited to the respiratory tract, Betacoronaviruses are potentially able to invade the central nervous system (CNS) as well as many other organs, thereby inducing neurological damage ranging from mi...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
How an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can cause Alzheimer ’s disease: the viral and cellular dynamics according to the microcompetition model
AbstractNumerous studies observed a link between the herpes smplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Alzheimer ’s disease. However, the exact viral and cellular dynamics that lead from an HSV-1 infection to Alzheimer’s disease are unknown. In this paper, we use the microcompetition model to formulate these dynamics by connecting seemingly unconnected observations reported in the literature. We concentrat e on four pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. First, we explain how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can decrease the expression ofBECN1/Beclin1, the degradative trafficking protein, which, in ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clinical use of steroids in viral central nervous system (CNS) infections: three challenging cases
AbstractThe role of adjunctive corticosteroids in reducing morbidity and mortality of viral CNS infections remains poorly defined. Clinicians are often left in a quagmire regarding steroid use in complex and rapidly evolving viral CNS infections. Limited studies have explored the underlying mechanisms behind the potential benefit of steroids. Here, we describe steroid use in three cases of viral CNS disease: varicella zoster virus (VZV),Powassan virus, and influenza A-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy. (Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Influenza vaccination status in multiple sclerosis patients from Latin America
The objective of the present study was to identify the frequency of MS patients in Latin America (LATAM) that received the influenza vaccine during the most recent season and the reasons related to non-vaccination. Cross-sectional study between November and December 2020 in a large cohort of MS patients from LATAM. Patients responded about recommendation of receiving influenza vaccine and the use of it as well as reasons for not using the vaccine. Four hundred twelve MS patients were included in the analysis. 47.3% of patients were recommended to receive the vaccine from the treating physician. Nearly 54% of patients did n...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A comprehensive review of COVID-19 biology, diagnostics, therapeutics, and disease impacting the central nervous system
AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly transmissible disease. SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to have infected over 153 million people and to have caused over 3.2 million global deaths since its emergence in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans, and like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a variety of symptoms including general flu-like symptoms such as a fever, sore throat, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Severe cases often display signs of pneumonia, lymphopenia, acute kidney inj...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sex-specific effects of low-dose hydrocortisone on threat detection in HIV
AbstractOne sex differences in the perception of emotion is that females, particularly those with high anxiety, often show heightened identification of fearful faces. To better understand the causal role of glucocorticoids in this sex difference, we examine these associations in people with HIV(PWH) where emotion perception is impaired and mental health disorders are frequent. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, we used a single low-dose of hydrocortisone (10 mg; LDH) as a mechanistic probe of the effects of elevated glucocorticoids on negative emotion perception in 65 PWH (31 women). The primary out...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Reduced neuronal population in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in infant macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
AbstractPediatric HIV infection remains a global health crisis with an estimated 150,000 new mother-to-child (MTCT) infections each year. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved childhood survival, but only an estimated 53% of children worldwide have access to treatment. Adding to the health crisis is the neurological impact of HIV on the developing brain, in particular cognitive and executive function, which persists even when ART is available. Imaging studies suggest structural, connectivity, and functional alterations in perinatally HIV-infected youth. However, the paucity of histological data limits our ability to id...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with mild clinical conditions and detection of archetype-like JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid
AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis and is primarily caused by JC virus (JCV) with a mutation called prototype. We encountered a case of PML with moderate progression and analyzed the mutational patterns of JCV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A 19-year-old Japanese woman with mild neurological symptoms was diagnosed with combined immunodeficiency following pneumocystis pneumonia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed multiple brain lesions, and real-time polymerase chain reaction testing detected JCV in the CSF, lea...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
