Correction: GP120 and tenofovir alafenamide alter cannabinoid receptor 1 expression in hippocampus of mice
(Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 4, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 display limited neuronal infection and lack the ability to transmit within synaptically connected axons in stem cell –derived human neurons
In this study, we examined the infectivity and trans-synaptic transmission potential of the sarbecoviruses SARS and SARS-CoV-2 in human stem cell –derived neural model systems. We demonstrated limited ability of sarbecoviruses to infect and replicate in human stem cell–derived neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated an inability of sarbecoviruses to transmit between synaptically connected human stem cell–derived neurons. Finally, we deter mined an absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in olfactory neurons in experimentally infected ferrets. Collectively, this study indicates that sarbecoviruses exhibit low potential to infec...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Meta-analysis of the serum/plasma proteome identifies significant associations between COVID-19 with Alzheimer ’s/Parkinson’s diseases
AbstractIn recent years, we have seen the widespread devastations and serious health complications manifested by COVID-19 globally. Although we have effectively controlled the pandemic, uncertainties persist regarding its potential long-term effects, including prolonged neurological issues. To gain comprehensive insights, we conducted a meta-analysis of mass spectrometry-based proteomics data retrieved from different studies with a total of 538 COVID-19 patients and 523 healthy controls. The meta-analysis revealed that top-enriched pathways were associated with neurological disorders, including Alzheimer ’s (AD) and Park...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 2, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Reactivation of varicella zoster virus following trigeminal schwannoma resection
AbstractVaricella zoster is found exclusively in humans. Infected people with this virus result in chickenpox followed by dormant virus within neural ganglia. This dormant virus, once activated, may affect any ganglia or nerves of the body but most commonly involves the thoracic, cervical and trigeminal nerves in decreasing order of frequency. We review three such cases in which manipulation of the trigeminal ganglion resulted in reactivation of varicella at homologous operative sites. Each patient underwent surgeries in which the trigeminal ganglion was manipulated for the resection of trigeminal schwannoma under a micros...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - December 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction: Performance of the national institute of infectious diseases disability scale in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
(Source: Journal of NeuroVirology)
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Is there a connection between neurocognitive profile in treatment na ïve non-cirrhotic HCV patients and level of systemic inflammation?
AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a progressive, systemic disease which leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. In 70% of patients, HCV infection is followed by the development of extrahepatic manifestations (EHM). A common EHM is HCV associated neurocognitive disorder (HCV-AND), characterized by neuropsychological changes in attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, executive function, verbal learning, and recall. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the neurocognitive profile and routine, available laboratory parameters of inflammation, liver function tests, grade of liv...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The relationship between synaptodendritic neuropathology and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is moderated by cognitive reserve
We examined whether cognitive reserve moderated the relationship between neurodegeneration and cognition in 67 postmortem persons with HIV (PWH) who were cognitively assessed within 1 year of death. Cognitive reserve was measured via the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 reading subtest (WRAT4). Synaptodendritic neurodegeneration was based on densities of synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 immunohistochemical reactivity in frontal cortex, and categorized as minimal, moderate, or severe (tertile-split). T-Scores from 15 cognitive tests were averaged into a global cognitive T-score. Among those with low cogniti...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acute cerebellitis following COVID-19 infection associated with autoantibodies to glutamate receptors: a case report
AbstractWhile COVID-19 infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was initially identified as a respiratory disease, mounting evidence suggests its association with various neurological issues as well. Notably, COVID-19 has been linked to acute cerebellitis (AC) and post-infectious cerebellar ataxia. The precise underlying mechanisms behind these neurological effects remain unclear. Our case report describes AC following COVID-19 infection, associated with autoantibodies to glutamate receptors (GluRs), hinting at immunological involvement. The case is a 56-year-old woman who experienced fever and fatigue due to COVID-19 infection. ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Predictors of hippocampal tauopathy in people with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection
AbstractCombination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has extended lifespans of people living with HIV (PWH), increasing both the risk for age-related neuropathologies and the importance of distinguishing effects of HIV and its comorbidities from neurodegenerative disorders. The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in hippocampus is a common degenerative change, with specific patterns of hippocampal subfield vulnerability observed in different disease contexts. Currently, associations between chronic HIV, its comorbidities, and p-tau burden and distribution in the hippocampus are unexplored. We used immunohistochemi...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Characterizing Epstein-Barr virus infection of the central nervous system in Zambian adults living with HIV
AbstractThe significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) detection in the cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is not entirely understood. The detection of EBV DNA may represent active central nervous system (CNS) infection, reactivation in the setting of another CNS pathogen or due to impaired immunity, or detection of quiescent virus. We screened 470 adult PLWH in Zambia with neurological symptoms for the presence of EBV DNA in the CSF. We performed quantitative EBV PCR on the CSF and blood. We then performed quantitative EBV DNA PCR on the blood of controls with documented HIV viral suppression ...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disruption of blood –brain barrier: effects of HIV Tat on brain microvascular endothelial cells and tight junction proteins
AbstractAlthough the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has prolonged the life span of people living with HIV (PLWH), the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in PLWH is also gradually increasing, seriously affecting the quality of life for PLWH. However, the pathogenesis of HAND has not been elucidated, which leaves HAND without effective treatment. HIV protein transactivator of transcription (Tat), as an important regulatory protein, is crucial in the pathogenesis of HAND, and its mechanism of HAND has received widespread attention. The blood –brain barrier (BBB) and its cellular comp...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pembrolizumab for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in China
AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Chinese patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) who were treated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) blockade therapies. We retrospectively analyzed patients who were admitted to our hospital between October 1, 2020, and October 1, 2022, diagnosed with PML and treated with PD1 blockade therapies. Four patients with PML who were treated with PD1 blockade therapies were identified. All patients were male, and their ages ranged from 19 to 54 years old. One patient (Case 2) exhibited mild pleocytosis, while th...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity genes influence predisposition to tick-borne encephalitis
In this study, we investigated the contribution of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immunity genes to predisposition to TBE in humans. More specifically, we investigated a possible association between SNPs rs304478 and rs303212 in the gene Interferon Induced Protein With Tetratricopeptide Repeats 1 (IFIT1), rs7070001 and rs4934470 in the gene Interferon Induced Protein With Tetratricopeptide Repeats 2 (IFIT2), and RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) encoding geneDDX58 rs311795343, rs10813831, rs17217280 and rs3739674 SNPs with predisposition to TBE in population of the Czech Republic, where TBEV...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among people living with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection: a retrospective cohort study from Iran
AbstractThe effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination is still unclear in individuals with underlying diseases such as HTLV-1 infection. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the humoral response of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV) in northeastern Iran. From December 2021 to October 2022, eighty-six HTLV-1+ subjects (50 males and 36 females; 47.7 ± 11.2 years) and 90 HTLV-1 seronegative individuals (age- and sex-matched convenient samples) were enrolled. The humoral immune response was evaluated by measuring different COVID-19 Abs in serum samples at least 28 days after receiving 2nd...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Application of VirCapSeq-VERT and BacCapSeq in the diagnosis of presumed and definitive neuroinfectious diseases
AbstractUnbiased high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has enabled new insights into the diversity of agents implicated in central nervous system (CNS) infections. The addition of positive selection capture methods to HTS has enhanced the sensitivity while reducing sequencing costs and the complexity of bioinformatic analysis. Here we report the use of virus capture-based sequencing for vertebrate viruses (VirCapSeq-VERT) and bacterial capture sequencing (BacCapSeq) in investigating CNS infections. Thirty-four samples were categorized: (1) patients with definitive CNS infection by routine testing; (2) patients meeting clinicall...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
