Socio-behavioral factors related to PrEP non-adherence among gay male PrEP users living in California and New York: A behavioral theory informed approach
AbstractOne effective preventative measure to reduce the number of new HIV infections is through the uptake of daily oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Although previous clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of on-demand PrEP uptake, daily PrEP uptake is the most popular prevention method among PrEP users and is still recommended by most healthcare professionals and organizations. Informed by the integrative model of behavioral prediction, the current study examined the socio-behavioral factors associated with PrEP non-adherence. The present study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 210 gay male daily PrEP...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Healthy or not? The impact of conflicting health-related information on attentional resources
AbstractDespite its ubiquity, little is known about the impact of exposure to conflicting health information on cognitive efficiency. We hypothesized that it would reduce attentional capacity, as evidenced by (1) increased response errors during the Attention Network Test (ANT), (2) decreased efficiency of each ANT system (alerting, orienting, execute control), and (3) increased self-reported workload, (4) nutritional confusion and (5) nutritional backlash. A sample of 184 online participants were assigned randomly to read an article containing either congruent or conflicting health information. Subsequently, they complete...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Daily physical activity and sleep in veterans: the role of insomnia severity
AbstractPhysical activity (PA) is suggested as an easily accessible adjunctive lifestyle intervention for insomnia. It is not clear if PA is equally beneficial across different levels of insomnia severity. The current study examined the relationship between daily PA (steps) and sleep (duration, efficiency, and quality) across the spectrum of insomnia severity. Multilevel models estimated day-to-night relationships between PA and sleep, and if insomnia severity moderated these relationships. Days with greater PA were associated with nights with longer sleep duration. This was moderated by insomnia severity; PA was associate...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Perceived discrimination, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and HIV care engagement among HIV-positive black adults: the mediating role of medical mistrust
AbstractPerceived discrimination and medical mistrust are contributors to HIV inequities. The current study examined whether medical mistrust mediated the associations between perceived discrimination and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) as well as care engagement in a sample of 304 Black adults living with HIV. Perceived discrimination and medical mistrust were measured using validated scales; ART adherence was electronically monitored for a month; care engagement was determined by medical record data. Results support significant total indirect effects from perceived discrimination (due to HIV-serostatus, race, s...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
U.S. Vietnamese parents ’ HPV vaccine decision-making for their adolescents: an exploration of practice-, provider-, and patient-level influences
AbstractU.S. Vietnamese have high cervical cancer incidence and low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation. Using the P3 model, we explored practice-, provider-, and patient-level determinants of U.S. Vietnamese parents ’ HPV vaccine decision-making for their adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey (04/2020–12/2020) with U.S. Vietnamese parents who had ≥ 1 adolescent ages 9–18. We assessed HPV vaccination outcomes (initiation, willingness to initiate, completion) and provider recommen dation. Modified Poisson regressions were used to identify practice-, provider- and patient-level corr...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Anxiety sensitivity and modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors: the role of pain intensity among individuals with chronic pain
AbstractChronic pain is often comorbid with modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and tobacco use. Among individuals with chronic pain, psychological risk factors may increase pain which, in turn, may increase risk for modifiable cardiovascular disease correlates. Thus, the current study examined the explanatory role of pain intensity in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and two well-documented modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors. Participants included 396 adults with chronic pain who completed an online survey from a larger study examining chronic pain-mental health relation...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention: an application of personalized medicine in the prevention and treatment of obesity
AbstractThere is an increased interest in the use of personalized medicine approaches in the prevention or treatment of obesity, however, few studies have used these approaches to identify individual differences in treatment effects. The current study demonstrates the use of the predicted individual treatment effects framework to test for individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention, which targeted the treatment and prevention of obesity in a high school setting. We show how methods for personalized medicine can be used to test for significant individual differences in responses to an intervention a...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Loneliness and multiple health domains: associations among emerging adults
AbstractEmerging adults (18 –25 years), particularly racially/ethnically diverse and sexual and gender minority populations, may experience loneliness following major life transitions. How loneliness relates to health and health disparities during this developmental period is not well understood. We examine associations of loneliness with physical (self-rated health), behavioral (alcohol/marijuana consequences; nicotine dependence), and health behavior outcomes (weekday and weekend sleep; trouble sleeping), and investigate moderating effects by sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual/gender minority (SGM) status. Adjusted mod e...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Momentary predictors of dietary lapse from a mobile health weight loss intervention
This study was among the first to identify prospective predictors of lapse in the context of a commercial mHealth weight loss program. Findings can inform mHealth weight loss programs, including just-in-time interventions that measure these risk factors, calculate when risk of lapse is hig h, and deliver momentary interventions to prevent lapses. (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine)
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The role of self-evaluated pain sensitivity as a mediator of objectively measured pain tolerance in Native Americans: findings from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk (OK-SNAP)
AbstractNative Americans (NAs) are at increased risk for chronic pain. One mechanism contributing to this pain disparity could be personal pain beliefs, which may influence actual pain sensitivity. Thus, we examined whether self-evaluated pain sensitivity (SEPS) mediates the relationship between ethnicity [NAs vs. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs)] and objectively-measured pain tolerance, and whether catastrophic thinking and pain-related anxiety influence these pain beliefs. 232 healthy, pain-free NAs and NHWs completed questionnaires measuring SEPS, catastrophizing, and anxiety. Objective pain tolerance was also assessed. Resul...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Momentary intentions and perceived behavioral control are within-person predictors of sedentary leisure time: preliminary findings from an ecological momentary assessment study in adolescents
We examined whether intentions and PBC momentarily relate to subsequent sedentary time during non-school periods. Healthy adolescents (N = 15, ages 11–15) reported their intentions and PBC regarding sedentary leisure behaviors via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) up to seven times/day for 14 days. Sedentary time in the two hours following each EMA prompt was measured by ActivPAL accelerometers. When participants reported greater sedentary intentions (within-person β = 1.1, 95% CI 0.2, 2.1, p = 0.0213) and sedentary PBC (within-person β = 1.7, 95% CI 0.6, 2.8, p = 0.0029), they accumulated gre...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Therapist disclosure to combat COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a narrative review
AbstractWith the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 –2020 and the rapid development of vaccines to prevent this disease came a rise in interest around vaccine hesitancy. Naturally, methods of combatting vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccination rates are of paramount importance. One such method is building upon the trust and openness of one’s relationship with their healthcare provider. Specifically, this paper examines how psychotherapist self-disclosure could facilitate effective health behaviors in patients, focusing on vaccines. Traditionally, mental health therapists have been encouraged to avoid self-discl...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 31, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
How acute affect dynamics impact longitudinal changes in physical activity among children
AbstractResearch examined how acute affect dynamics, including stability and context-dependency, contribute to changes in children ’s physical activity levels as they transition from late-childhood to early-adolescence. Children (N = 151) (ages 8–12 years at baseline) participated in an ecological momentary assessment and accelerometry study with six semi-annual bursts (7 days each) across three years. A two-stage mix ed-effects multiple location-scale model tested random intercept, variance, and slope estimates for positive affect as predictors of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Multi-year declin...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Narratives from African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latinx community members in Arizona to enhance COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination uptake
This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in scie...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Using Behavioral Science to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Cancer Survivors: Communication Strategies and Research Opportunities
AbstractDue to cancer survivors ’ increased vulnerability to complications from COVID-19, addressing vaccine hesitancy and improving vaccine uptake among this population is a public health priority. However, several factors may complicate efforts to increase vaccine confidence in this population, including the underrepresentatio n of cancer patients in COVID-19 vaccine trials and distinct recommendations for vaccine administration and timing for certain subgroups of survivors. Evidence suggests vaccine communication efforts targeting survivors could benefit from strategies that consider factors such as social norms, risk...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - March 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
