Is a cigarette brand with fewer chemicals safer? Public perceptions in two national US experiments
AbstractBy law, the US government must publicly display the quantities of harmful chemicals in cigarettes by brand, but doing so could mislead people to incorrectly think that some cigarettes are safer than others. We evaluated formats for presenting chemical quantities side-by-side to see if any were misleading. We recruited US convenience (n = 604) and probability (n = 1440) samples. We randomized participants to 1 of 5 formats: checklist, point estimates, ranges, a visual risk indicator, or no-quantity control. Participants were far more likely to incorrectly endorse one cigarette brand as riskier than the other...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Partner effects on caregiver and care recipient depressed mood: heterogeneity across health condition and relationship type
AbstractThe well-being of caregivers and their care recipients is interrelated, although conflicting evidence has emerged across different caregiving populations. Using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study and the National Study of Caregiving (2015 and 2017, n = 742 dyads), we constructed actor-partner interdependence models assessing how spillover (i.e., interdependence) of depressed mood varied by care recipient health condition (specifically cancer, dementia, stroke, and diabetes) and kinship type (spouse/partner, child, other relative, or non-rel ative). Across condition types, care recipient-to-ca...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Identifying the risk of opioid misuse in a chronic pain population: the utility of the MMPI-2-RF personality psychopathology five (PSY-5-RF) and higher-order scales
AbstractPrescription-related opioid misuse, especially in chronic pain populations, is an ongoing problem and is related to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of two restructured scales of the MMPI-2-RF: the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5-RF) and the Higher-Order Scales to determine which of their subscales may be beneficial for identifying the risk of opioid misuse in a chronic pain population. A sample of 136 patients with chronic disabling occupational musculoskeletal disorders completed the MMPI-2-RF and the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) upon admission to a function...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Division of Type 1 Diabetes Responsibility in Latinx and Non-Latinx White Mother-Adolescent Dyads
AbstractIncidence rates of type 1 diabetes are increasing faster in Latinx youth than other ethnic groups, yet this population remains understudied. The current study (1) tested differences in division of diabetes-related responsibility (adolescent alone, mother alone, and shared) across Latinx and non-Latinx White families (N = 118 mother-adolescent dyads, 56 = Latinx dyads,Mage=13.24 years), and (2) examined associations between diabetes responsibility and adolescent health (HbA1c, diabetes self-management behaviors, and depressive symptoms). Latina mothers reported more shared and less adolescent responsibility...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The prospective relations of substance use frequency to social distancing behaviors and intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of social distancing self-efficacy
AbstractTo identify factors that increase risk for nonadherence to recommended health protective behaviors during pandemics, this study examined the prospective relations of substance use frequency to both adherence to social distancing recommendations and social distancing intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the role of social distancing self-efficacy in these relations. A U.S. community sample of 377 adults completed a prospective online study, including an initial assessment between March 27 and April 5, 2020, and a follow-up assessment one-month later. Results revealed a significant direct relation of b...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Developing skin cancer education materials for darker skin populations: crowdsourced design, message targeting, and acral lentiginous melanoma
AbstractDespite decreased susceptibility, darker skin individuals who develop melanoma have worse survival. This disparity in melanoma mortality is the largest for any cancer, and partly driven by a lack of patient education materials targeted to darker skin populations in whom acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common subtype. To address this communication disparity, the current study reports a multi-phase design process that leverages crowdsourcing and message testing to develop ALM-focused patient education materials for darker skin populations. Crowdsourced design was utilized to develop a pool of designs (ph...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Relative reinforcement from physical activity in real-world environments: a novel application of behavioral economics
AbstractBehavioral economics suggests that individuals are likely to engage in a behavior if it is more reinforcing and readily available than other possible options. In real-world environments, sedentary behaviors are often more reinforcing and easily available than physical activities. In order to promote regular physical activity in an environment with sedentary alternatives, it is important to understand the proportion of overall reinforcement that is derived from physical activity (i.e., relative reinforcement, RR). Conceptually similar laboratory-research supports this notion, but applications to individual, real-wor...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 18, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Fatalistic cancer beliefs and self-reported cancer screening behaviors among diverse urban residents
AbstractCancer fatalism –the belief that death is inevitable when cancer is present–has been identified as a barrier to cancer screening, detection, and treatment. Our study examined the relationship between self-reported cancer fatalism and adherence to cancer screening guidelines of the breasts, cervix, colon, and pr ostate among a diverse sample of urban-dwelling adults in Brooklyn, New York. Between May 2019 and August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of adults 40 + years of age (n = 2,341) residing in Brooklyn neighborhoods with high cancer mortality. Multivariable logistic regression model s we...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 9, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Associations of somatic depressive symptoms with body mass index, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary care patients with depression
This study highlights the importance of considering the direction of somatic depressive symptoms in the context of cardiometabolic disease risk. (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine)
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Preparing patients according to their individual coping style improves patient experience of magnetic resonance imaging
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two patient-preparation videos with informational vs. relaxational content and to determine whether the fit between content and coping style affects effectivity. The sample con sisted of 142 patients (M = 48.31 ± 15.81 years). Key outcomes were anxiety, and cortisol as a physiological stress marker. When not considering coping style, neither intervention improved the patients’ reaction; only patient preparation that matched the patients’ coping style was associated with an earlier re duction of anxiety. This suggests that considering individual preferences for ...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Social –contextual factors interact with masculinity to influence college men’s HPV vaccination intentions: The role of descriptive norms, prototypes, and physician gender
AbstractMen ’s low HPV vaccination uptake and HPV-related disease incidence are public health issues; gendered social–contextual factors likely play a role. In Study 1, college men (N = 130;Mage = 19.55; white = 58.1%) reported their social cognitions (male-referent descriptive norms and prototypes), self-reliance masculinity ideology, and vaccination intentions. In Study 2, college men (N = 106;Mage = 19.32; white = 61.3%) were randomly assigned to receive HPV vaccination information from a man or woman physician-avatar. Descriptive norms and favorable prototypes (bs ≥ .337;ps ≤ ....
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - September 6, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Racial/ethnic variations in inflammatory markers: exploring the role of sleep duration and sleep efficiency
The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic variations in multiple markers of inflammation and whether impaired sleep contributes to these racial/ethnic differences. Nurses from two regional hospitals in Texas (n = 377; 71.62% White; 6.90% Black; 11.14% Hispanic, 10.34% Asian; mean age = 39.46; 91.78% female) completed seven days of sleep diaries and actigraphy to assess mean and variability in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). On day 7, blood was drawn to assess 4 inflammatory marke rs: C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis fac...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - August 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Coping self-efficacy, perceived helpfulness of coping, and distress: a longitudinal investigation of breast and gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
We examined changes in coping self-efficacy (CSE) pre- and post-chemotherapy and whether these changes predicted depressive symptoms and perceived stress after chemotherapy among women breast and gynecological cancers. We further tested whether perceived helpfulness of coping strategies used during chemotherapy influenced these effects. In a longitudinal design, participants (n = 79) provided data on CSE, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress pre-chemotherapy, post-chemotherapy (~ 4 months later), and at 8 and 12-month follow-up. During chemotherapy, participants completed a one-week daily diary on use and helpfu...
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine - August 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
