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The Relationship between Metformin Consumption and Cancer Risk: An Updated Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta ‑Analyses
Conclusions: Treatment with metformin can significantly decrease the chance of all cancers with larger preventive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma and smaller preventive effect on lung and breast cancers. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - September 19, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

The Role of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on COVID ‑19 Prevention: Benefit or Risk?
Dear Editor, In a scenario where there is a lot of uncertainty regarding SARS ‑CoV‑2, vitamin and mineral supplementation have gained considerable attention due to the belief that they could prevent infection. However, the scientific evidence is tenuous with regard to their potential to prevent coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19), and reduce disease severity or mortal ity (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

How Long that a SARS ‑CoV‑2 Variant Delay Impacts Required Period to Achieve Herd Immunity?
Dear Editor, The coronavirus disease (COVID ‑19) vaccine is the present preventive tool for COVID‑19 containment. Mass immunization is required for achieving herd immunity. If herd immunity is reached, a successful COVID‑19 containment is expected.[1,2] In general, the targeted population size that herd immunity will achieve is mainly b ased on the basic reproduction number and is generally estimated as 75%.[1,2] Regarding the required period to achieve the impact of herd immunity depends on many facts including the targeted population size (unit: %), base local infection prevalence (unit: %), vaccination rate (unit:...
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Cancerous Patient, COVID ‑19 Vaccination, Blood Viscosity and Stroke‑Like Complication
Dear Editor, The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID ‑19) vaccine is the hope for the management of the COVID‑19 outbreak. At present, the COVID‑19 vaccine is already in use in several countries. An important concern is the adverse effect of vaccination. There are many possible adverse effects of the COVID‑19 vaccine including vascular complic ation. The possible neurological complication due to the COVID‑19 vaccine is an important present consideration.[1] There are many recent reports on neurological incidences including stroke‑like complication after vaccination. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Diamond, the New Form That COVID ‑19 Chose for Nurses!
Dear Editor, COVID ‑19, a deadly disease that started in December 2019 following a severe epidemic of severe respiratory disease in Wuhan, China,[1] and nearly two years later, on November 8, 2021, it swept across the world and infected more than 249 million people and caused more than 5 million deaths.[2] From the beginning of the disease in the world, the role of nurses in different parts of hospitals and helping to provide treatment for them has been very important, and nurses have been at the forefront of the fight against this pandemic. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

COVID ‑19 Pandemic Infection Control and Instantaneous Contact Tracing Using Mobile Phone Apps
Dear Editor, COVID ‑19 is still a global challenge to be managed. This infection has caused worldwide crises resulting in more than 104 million infected persons worldwide. As disease containment depends on several factors, a strict regimen for disease controlling and surveillance is necessary. For controlling the ou tbreak, case identification is needed. When there is a newly detected case, identification of at‑risk persons in contact with the patient is needed and it might be sometimes difficult. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Positive Predictive Value of SARS ‑CoV‑2 Spike Protein Antibody Test after COVID‑19 Vaccination Policies
Dear Editor,Mendicino and Moretti provided very useful ideas on using “tests for the detection of antibodies to SARS‑CoV‑2.”[1] Mendicino and Moretti discussed on effect of local prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID) on diagnostic property of the test and concluded that “knowledge about the advantages and limitations of each test will help to select the most appropriate one to each clinical and epidemiological situation, and to an adequate interpretation of the results.” (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

COVID ‑19, Vaccination, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, Aneurysm, Screening and Post Vaccination Death
Dear Editor, COVID ‑19 vaccine is the preventive tool against COVID‑19. The safety of the new vaccine is the present issue for research. For any vaccination, postvaccination death requires a good investigation. An interesting emerging problem on postvaccination death due to ruptured aneurysms is an interesting obs ervation. The primary investigation by local public health administrators usually reveals no association (for example, see https://healthserv.net/en9417). Theoretically, COVID‑19 might cause aberration in homoeostatic system. The clinical association with an aneurysm is also reported. (Source: International...
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

COVID ‑19, Herd Immunity and Vaccine
Dear Editor, Herd immunity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID ‑19) in the absence of a vaccine is an interesting issue in the current situation that the new vaccine is still not sufficient. Herd immunity in the absence of a vaccine might be a possible and/or viable path. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Vaccine Hesitancy: A Contemporary Issue for New COVID ‑19 Vaccination
There are some recent reports of vaccine hesitancy globally toward the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID ‑19) vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy is an important issue to be discussed in preventive medicine. There are many factors that can lead to vaccine hesitancy. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Cytokine Receptor Allele Frequency, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of New COVID ‑19 Vaccine in Different Setting
Dear Editor, COVID ‑19 vaccine is the new hope forcontrolling the new emerging pandemic disease, COVID ‑19.At present, many new COVID ‑19 vaccines have alreadybeen registered and are used in several countries aroundthe world. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effects of Selegiline Agent Methamphetamine ‑Prompted Mood‑Related Behavior Disorder Mediated Via 5‑HT2 and D2 Receptors
Conclusions: Current research showed that Selegiline via mediation of D2 and 5‑HT2 receptors inhibits METH‑indu ced neurobehavioral changes, mood‑related behavior, and motor activity disturbances. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Familial and Sporadic Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Conclusions : Significant differences were found among different groups of patients in terms of demographical and clinical characteristics. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Investigating the Relationship between Structural Features of Built Environment and Physical Activity using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Conclusions: Walkability index and land use positively correlate with total physical activity level, and providing action plans that impro ve walkability index and land use might lead to increased physical activity level. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire: Revised in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Conclusions: The child version a nd parent proxy of the Persian CFQ‑R are valid and reliable measures and can be applied in clinical trials to monitor the quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis. It is recommended to use both versions in conjunction to better interpret the quality of life aspects of children with cystic fibrosis. (Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research