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High pretreatment cognitive impulsivity predicts response of oppositional symptoms to methylphenidate in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder
The aim of this study was to compare impulsivity levels, as assessed by a continuous performance test (CPT), and the correlations between baseline CPT performance and response to methylphenidate (MPH), as assessed by the conjunctive CPT (CCPT), in children with only Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with no oppositional defiant disorder (ADHD/noODD) or with comorbid ODD (ADHD/ODD). Fifty-three children and adolescents were included in the study (ADHD/noODD group, n = 25, 12 women/13 men and ADHD/ODD group, n = 28, eight females/20 males). Attention was a...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Association between electroencephalogram changes and plasma clozapine levels in clozapine-treated patients
This retrospective observational study was performed to investigate electroencephalogram abnormalities in clozapine-treated patients with refractory schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The electroencephalogram and plasma clozapine and norclozapine levels in 71 patients were measured on the same day. Fifty-nine patients (85.9%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and 12 patients (14.1%) had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The mean daily clozapine dose was 242.9 ± 105.5 mg (range 25–500 mg), and the mean plasma clozapine and norclozapine levels were 429.4 ± 264.1 and 197.8 ± 132.6 ng/ml, respectively. Tw...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Metabolism of risperidone by CYP2D6 and the presence of drug-induced dopamine supersensitivity psychosis in patients with schizophrenia
High-dose antipsychotic(s) can induce dopamine supersensitivity psychosis in schizophrenia patients. The precise relationship between a drug’s blood concentration and the occurrence of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis has not been established. We divided 36 patients with schizophrenia who had undergone treatment mainly with risperidone into two groups: one with normal metabolizing activity of CYP2D6 (n = 15), and the other with lower activity of its variant, CYP2D6*10 (n = 21). The patients’ blood concentrations of risperidone and 9-OH-risperidone were measured, and we compared the occurrence of dopamine sup...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Add-on benzodiazepines for psychosis-induced aggression
We examined aggression, suicidality, and self-harm among psychotic patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy, compared with those treated with add-on benzodiazepines, during the first 2 weeks of psychiatric hospitalization to clarify the association of add-on benzodiazepines and aggression. Electronic medical records of 400 patients consecutively admitted to Abarbanel Mental Health Center from 2012 to 2014 for psychosis, and remained hospitalized for at least 2 weeks were evaluated. Violence toward staff, patients, and property, physical restraints, seclusion, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts, were examined. Falls an...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Efficacy of venlafaxine extended release in major depressive disorder patients: effect of baseline anxiety symptom severity
Effects of baseline anxiety on the efficacy of venlafaxine extended release versus placebo were examined in a post hoc pooled subgroup analysis of 1573 patients enrolled in eight short-term studies of major depressive disorder. Anxiety subgroups were defined based on baseline 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Item 10 score (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Depression with high levels of anxiety
No abstract available (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Analysis of smoking behavior on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: evidence for the role of alternative pathways apart from CYP1A2
Smoking is common among psychiatric patients and has been shown to accelerate the metabolism of different drugs. We aimed to determine the effect of smoking on the serum concentrations of psychopharmacological drugs in a naturalistic clinical setting. Dose-corrected, steady-state serum concentrations of individual patients were analyzed retrospectively by linear regression including age, sex, and smoking for amitriptyline (n=503), doxepin (n=198), mirtazapine (n=572), venlafaxine (n=534), clozapine (n=106), quetiapine (n=182), and risperidone (n=136). Serum levels of amitriptyline (P=0.038), clozapine (P=0.02), and mirtaza...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in schizophrenia and influence of simvastatin on the interleukin-6
This study corroborated previous evidence for increased inflammatory biomarkers in SZ and detected a potential anti-inflammatory action of simvastatin in patients with a clinical diagnosis of SZ on clozapine therapy. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Hyoscine for clozapine-induced hypersalivation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial
This study aims to examine the efficacy of hyoscine (scopolamine) for clozapine-induced hypersalivation. Fourteen inpatients diagnosed with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, treated with clozapine and suffering from hypersalivation were randomized to receive hyoscine 0.3 mg and placebo daily for 4 weeks each in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. The primary outcome was improvement in the Toronto Nocturnal Hypersalivation Scale. The secondary outcomes were change in the mass of the pillowcase, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Hypersalivation improved significantly with hyoscine over ...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Analysis of smoking behavior on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: evidence for the role of alternative pathways apart from CYP1A2
Smoking is common among psychiatric patients and has been shown to accelerate the metabolism of different drugs. We aimed to determine the effect of smoking on the serum concentrations of psychopharmacological drugs in a naturalistic clinical setting. Dose-corrected, steady-state serum concentrations of individual patients were analyzed retrospectively by linear regression including age, sex, and smoking for amitriptyline (n=503), doxepin (n=198), mirtazapine (n=572), venlafaxine (n=534), clozapine (n=106), quetiapine (n=182), and risperidone (n=136). Serum levels of amitriptyline (P=0.038), clozapine (P=0.02), and mirtaza...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Antipsychotics and pituitary tumors: an analysis of the European pharmacovigilance database (EudraVigilance)
One of the possible long-term consequences of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia is the development of pituitary tumors – prolactinomas. So far, two pharmacovigilance studies of spontaneous adverse event report databases have suggested an increased risk, whereas a longitudinal study carried out with risperidone showed no evidence of increased risk of tumors with mass effect. Besides, information on amisulpride and paliperidone is lacking. Thus, in this study, we aimed to analyze the European pharmacovigilance database (EudraVigilance) to shed light on this issue. We searched for all suspected spontaneous cases of p...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in schizophrenia and influence of simvastatin on the interleukin-6
This study corroborated previous evidence for increased inflammatory biomarkers in SZ and detected a potential anti-inflammatory action of simvastatin in patients with a clinical diagnosis of SZ on clozapine therapy. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder
Lack of treatment response is a critical problem in major depressive disorder (MDD). Cariprazine is a D3-preferring dopamine D3/D2 receptor partial agonist and 5-HT1A partial agonist. This phase 3, multicenter, open-label, long-term (26-week), flexible-dose (1.5–4.5 mg/day) study assessed the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine used adjunctively with antidepressant therapy in adult patients with MDD who had either completed a lead-in study (n=311) or had been newly recruited (n=131). A higher percentage of continuing patients (66.2%) than new patients (35.9%) completed the study. The most common reason for...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in patients with ischemic heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
To assess the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in adults with ischemic heart disease (IHD). We gathered all available randomized-controlled trials comparing antidepressants versus placebo or other antidepressants in adults with IHD. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms at the study endpoint, as measured by validated rating scales. We pooled data in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. The confidence in the estimates (or certainty of the evidence) was assessed using the GRADE approach. Antidepressants appeared to be more effective than placebo in reducing depressive symptoms (11 comparisons; 168...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid with an anxiety disorder: a systematic review
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the pharmacological options available to treat patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorder, for generating evidence on the safest, most-effective and tolerable pharmacotherapy. To this end, a systematic search was performed in three electronic databases (Medline, Scopus and Directory of Open Access Journals; December 2017). Randomized, double-blind, parallel-design clinical trials evaluating the efficacy, safety or tolerability of therapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorder in children a...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research