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Long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics in first-episode psychosis: a narrative review
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics could be a favorable option of treatment and have some advantages over oral medications. The aim of this study was to review the published data on the use of LAI formulation of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Using PubMed and Scopus databases, we performed a systematic literature search of articles published between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2018, that reported clinical trials on the use of LAI SGAs in patients with FEP. Seventy-seven articles were considered eligible and full-text revised. Five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria a...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Impact of mental illness on outcomes of outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, one in five adults experience a mental health condition yearly. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often treated with QTc prolonging antibiotics. The primary outcome assessed is if psychiatric diagnosis contributed to treatment failure in CAP. Outpatients with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 9 and 10 codes for CAP from January 2008 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive statistics. Bivariate analysis was used to compare baseline characteristics, treatment regimens, and outcomes between those with ...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

The reliability and validity of a newly developed self-rating functional scale compared with Personal and Social Performance Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II
A new self-rating functional scale (SRFS) was developed to assess the functionality of patients with schizophrenia, referred to the structure of Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SRFS. A total of 210 patients with schizophrenia were recruited from outpatient clinics in six sites in China. Demographic information, SRFS, PSP, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were assessed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to assess the reliability and va...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

A prospective study of adverse effects of antipsychotics in adolescents with schizophrenia during a 6-month follow-up
There is a paucity of follow-up studies of neurological, endocrine, and metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics in adolescents from low-income and middle-income countries, who have a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight, and could present increased morbidity. A Mexican sample of 86 adolescents with schizophrenia was examined during a 6-month follow-up using the Simpson–Angus, abnormal involuntary movement and Barnes Akathisia rating scales, in addition to a side effects score sheet and other laboratory measures. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify specific variables as predictors of weight ...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

The association between gabapentin and suicidality in bipolar patients
The aims of this study were to assess the association between gabapentin and suicidality in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) and to determine whether the risk is greater relative to patients prescribed lithium. This retrospective observational study utilizes US population-based claims data assembled by PharMetrics Inc., comprising 47 918 patients diagnosed with BD. Patients were included if they were at least 18 years old and initiated a new monotherapy prescription of either gabapentin (n=2421) or lithium (n=3101). Patients were followed for up to 1 year. Gabapentin patients contributed 915.8 person-years (...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Markers of mineralocorticoid receptor function: changes over time and relationship to response in patients with major depression
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and its hormone receptors, i.e. the angiotensin and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), have emerged as important targets for central nervous system disorders and in particular for major depression. We have recently characterized baseline MR function as a predictor for treatment outcome with standard antidepressants. The aims of this study are (i) to characterize how strongly an early biomarker change (after 2 weeks) is related to outcome and (ii) whether these biomarker changes are related to the final outcome, that is, could serve as surrogate markers for response. Twenty-four of...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

The effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled studies in depression
It has been reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) might induce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but the association between the use of SSRIs and MACE has not been elucidated as yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of SSRIs and MACE in depressed patients with previous cardiovascular events. Two researchers independently selected randomized-controlled studies (RCTs) according to the predefined inclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of articles. A quantitative analysis was carried out to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) for the associat...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

The risk factors, frequency and diagnosis of atypical antipsychotic drug-induced hypothermia: practical advice for doctors
Hypothermia is unpredictable and life-threatening adverse effect of atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment, which has been little described. The aim of this article is to increase the awareness that hypothermia induced by APD drugs is more common than the current published case reports may suggest, and risk factors increase its development. Moreover, valuable guidelines regarding how to detect the early stages of hypothermia in clinical practice are included. A literature search for reports on APD-induced hypothermia in PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Medline Complete and eHealthMe databases was conducted. The liter...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Pharmacological treatment of sexual offenders in German outpatient treatment centers
In Germany, depending on a sexual offender’s culpability and the severity of the offence, he/she can be placed either in the forensic-psychiatric or the correctional system. Numbers related to the pharmacological treatment of sexual offenders for the correctional system are missing so far. In sexual offenders, the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders is of special importance. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pharmacological sexual offender treatment in German outpatient treatment centers supervising mainly clients from the correctional sector. An online questionnaire was sent to 112 out...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Optimal treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled feasibility study of the clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and their combination in the management of obsessive compulsive disorder
Established treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) include cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication. Combined treatment may outperform monotherapy, but few studies have investigated this. A total of 49 community-based adults with OCD were randomly assigned to CBT, SSRI, or SSRI+CBT. Sertraline (50–200 mg/day) was given as the SSRI for 52 weeks. A 16-h-manualized individual CBT was delivered over 8 weeks with four follow-up sessions. Assessors were ‘blinded’ to treatment allocation. A preliminary health economic evaluation was conducted. At week 16, c...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The effect of methylphenidate treatment on psychopathic behavior of patients having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder
To evaluate the effect of 3 months of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on psychopathic behavior in children having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Twenty-seven children with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth ed., ADHD (13 female/14 male; aged 13.3±2.2 years old) were compared to an age/sex matched ADHD/ODD group (N=27, eight female/19 male; aged 11.8±1.9 years). The attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale (ADHD-RS) and the California Child Q-Set (CCQ) were used in both groups before MPH treatment (0.8–...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Sex and body weight are major determinants of venlafaxine pharmacokinetics
We assessed the effect of body weight and BMI on plasma concentrations of venlafaxine (VEN), O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODVEN), active moiety (AM=VEN+ODVEN), and dose-corrected plasma concentrations (C/D). A database containing concentrations of VEN and ODVEN including 737 of 1594 eligible patients was analyzed. Analyses included sex, body weight, and BMI as well as concentrations of VEN, ODVEN, AM, and C/D. A positive correlation was detected between body weight and daily dosage (rs=0.168, P (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Efficacy of adjunctive low-dose cariprazine in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
In conclusion, both cariprazine doses were relatively well tolerated; although differences were not statistically significant, patients treated with cariprazine 1.0–2.0 mg/day had greater mean decreases in measures of depression symptoms compared with placebo, which is consistent with another adjunctive cariprazine MDD study, and thus warrants further investigation. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Relapse prevention in adults with major depressive disorder treated with vilazodone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
In conclusion, time to relapse with vilazodone was not statistically different from placebo. Vilazodone was generally well tolerated in adults with major depressive disorder. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The use of (newer) antipsychotics in bipolar inpatients over a 17-year observation period
This study evaluates the changes in prescribing patterns of first-generation antipsychotics (FGA) and second-generation AP at Innsbruck University Hospital for the treatment of bipolar inpatients between 1999 and 2016. In this retrospective chart review, we included adult patients with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (ICD 9: F296; ICD 10: F31) who were admitted as inpatients at the Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy between 1999 and 2016 for more than 7 days. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. The complete medical histories were searched retrospectively for the prescription of psychotr...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research