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Efficacy of antidepressants over placebo is similar in two-armed versus three-armed or more-armed randomized placebo-controlled trials
Previous studies have reported that effect sizes of antidepressants were larger in two-armed than in three-armed or more-armed (multiarmed) randomized trials, where the probability of being allocated to placebo is lower. However, these studies have not taken into account the publication bias, differences among antidepressants, or covariance in multiarmed studies, or examined sponsorship bias. We searched published and unpublished randomized-controlled trials that compared placebo with 21 antidepressants for the acute treatment of major depression in adults. We calculated the ratio of odds ratios (ROR) of drug response over...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Results from a drug utilization study of extended release quetiapine fumarate prescribed by psychiatrists as treatment for major depressive disorder in selected countries in the European Union
This multicenter, observational drug utilization (DU) study (NCT01594996) investigated the profile of patients and specialist providers who prescribed extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) across five European countries (Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, and Sweden). A DU data abstraction form captured information on the characteristics of physicians, patients, and drugs utilized in the medical management of depressive episodes in MDD, where the therapeutic regimen included quetiapine XR. Data were reported descriptively. This analysis included 811 patients. Psy...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - February 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Aripiprazole and impulse control disorders: higher risk with the intramuscular depot formulation?
Dopamine agonists have been associated with an increased risk of developing impulse control disorders (ICDs). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety warning in 2016 of a possible association between ICDs and aripiprazole. Recently, one large epidemiological study has confirmed this risk. In the present study, we aim to determine whether the safety signal of ICDs associated with aripiprazole detected by the FDA is replicated in the European pharmacovigilance database (EudraVigilance). We searched for all suspected spontaneous cases of ICDs associated with aripiprazole in EudraVigilance up to 23 February 2...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - January 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Implications of infection and trends of antibiotic prescribing in hospitalized patients diagnosed with serious mental illness
Hospital-acquired infections have been recognized as a significant factor in increased morbidity and mortality across our health system. Unique to infections associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization is the additional hypothesized association of the role that antipsychotic agents and/or underlying disease may play in an increased risk for infection. In this paper, we explore the types of infections diagnosed in an inpatient psychiatric hospital, the demographics of the patients infected, and whether or not the patient was on antipsychotic agents at the time of infection. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - January 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Risk of hair loss with different antidepressants: a comparative retrospective cohort study
The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of hair loss with different antidepressants. A retrospective cohort study design using a large health claims database in the USA from 2006 to 2014 was utilized. A cohort of new user and mutually exclusive users of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and bupropion were followed to the first diagnosis of alopecia. The cohort was comprised of 1 025 140 new users of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and bupropion, wit...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - January 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Antidepressant combination versus antidepressants plus second-generation antipsychotic augmentation in treatment-resistant unipolar depression
Patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression (TRD) are treated with antidepressant combinations (ADs) or with second-generation antipsychotics plus AD (SGA+AD) augmentation; however, the clinical characteristics, the factors associated independently with response to SGA+AD, and the outcome trajectories have not yet been characterized. We performed a naturalistic study on the latest stable trial (medication unchanged for about 3 months) in 86 TRD patients with resistance to at least two ADs trials, who received ADs (n=36) or SGA+AD (n=50) treatments. Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton-Dep...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - January 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Real-world data on paliperidone palmitate for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized studies
In conclusion, real-world data that originate from both pragmatic randomized clinical trials and observational studies indicate that PP1M is superior to oral antipsychotics in delaying the time to relapse or treatment failure. Furthermore, the pharmacoeconomic data reviewed for this article suggest that the advantages of PP1M compared with oral antipsychotics are not associated with an increased total cost for healthcare providers. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - January 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A molecular pathway analysis informs the genetic risk for arrhythmias during antipsychotic treatment
Arrhythmias are a frequent and potentially fatal side effect of antipsychotic treatment. Strict ECG monitoring and clinical interviews are the standards used to prevent arrhythmias. A biologic predictive tool is missing. The identification of a genetic makeup at risk of antipsychotic-induced arrhythmias is the aim of the present investigation. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular pathway enriched in single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with antipsychotic-induced QTc modifications. In total, 661 schizophrenic individuals from the CATIE study, M=486 (73.52%), mean age=40.92±11.02, were included. QTc varia...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - January 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Aripiprazole and impulse control disorders: higher risk with the intramuscular depot formulation?
Dopamine agonists have been associated with an increased risk of developing impulse control disorders (ICDs). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety warning in 2016 of a possible association between ICDs and aripiprazole. Recently, one large epidemiological study has confirmed this risk. In the present study, we aim to determine whether the safety signal of ICDs associated with aripiprazole detected by the FDA is replicated in the European pharmacovigilance database (EudraVigilance). We searched for all suspected spontaneous cases of ICDs associated with aripiprazole in EudraVigilance up to 23 February 2...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Implications of infection and trends of antibiotic prescribing in hospitalized patients diagnosed with serious mental illness
Hospital-acquired infections have been recognized as a significant factor in increased morbidity and mortality across our health system. Unique to infections associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization is the additional hypothesized association of the role that antipsychotic agents and/or underlying disease may play in an increased risk for infection. In this paper, we explore the types of infections diagnosed in an inpatient psychiatric hospital, the demographics of the patients infected, and whether or not the patient was on antipsychotic agents at the time of infection. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Risk of hair loss with different antidepressants: a comparative retrospective cohort study
The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of hair loss with different antidepressants. A retrospective cohort study design using a large health claims database in the USA from 2006 to 2014 was utilized. A cohort of new user and mutually exclusive users of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and bupropion were followed to the first diagnosis of alopecia. The cohort was comprised of 1 025 140 new users of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and bupropion, wit...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Antidepressant combination versus antidepressants plus second-generation antipsychotic augmentation in treatment-resistant unipolar depression
Patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression (TRD) are treated with antidepressant combinations (ADs) or with second-generation antipsychotics plus AD (SGA+AD) augmentation; however, the clinical characteristics, the factors associated independently with response to SGA+AD, and the outcome trajectories have not yet been characterized. We performed a naturalistic study on the latest stable trial (medication unchanged for about 3 months) in 86 TRD patients with resistance to at least two ADs trials, who received ADs (n=36) or SGA+AD (n=50) treatments. Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton-Dep...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Real-world data on paliperidone palmitate for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized studies
In conclusion, real-world data that originate from both pragmatic randomized clinical trials and observational studies indicate that PP1M is superior to oral antipsychotics in delaying the time to relapse or treatment failure. Furthermore, the pharmacoeconomic data reviewed for this article suggest that the advantages of PP1M compared with oral antipsychotics are not associated with an increased total cost for healthcare providers. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A molecular pathway analysis informs the genetic risk for arrhythmias during antipsychotic treatment
Arrhythmias are a frequent and potentially fatal side effect of antipsychotic treatment. Strict ECG monitoring and clinical interviews are the standards used to prevent arrhythmias. A biologic predictive tool is missing. The identification of a genetic makeup at risk of antipsychotic-induced arrhythmias is the aim of the present investigation. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular pathway enriched in single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with antipsychotic-induced QTc modifications. In total, 661 schizophrenic individuals from the CATIE study, M=486 (73.52%), mean age=40.92±11.02, were included. QTc varia...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Placebo response in trichotillomania
Trichotillomania is a functionally impairing, often overlooked disorder with no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications indicated for its treatment. The ability of clinical trials to detect the beneficial effects of pharmacologic treatment in trichotillomania has been hampered by the high placebo response rate. Very little is known about baseline demographic and clinical characteristics that may be predictive of placebo response in such patients. Overall, 104 participants assigned to placebo were pooled from five double-blind trials conducted at three sites in the USA and Canada. Participants were classified as p...
Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology - September 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research