Risk assessment, fitness cost, cross ‐resistance, and mechanism of tetraniliprole resistance in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
In this study, the tetraniliprole-selection (Tet-R) strain was obtained through 10 continuous generations of selection with tetraniliprole 30% lethal concentration (LC30). The realized heritability (h2) of the Tet-R strain was 0.387, indicating that resistance of RSB to tetraniliprole developed rapidly under the continuous selection of tetraniliprole. The Tet-R strain had a high fitness cost (relative fitness  = 0.53). We established the susceptibility baseline of RSB to tetraniliprole (lethal concentration at LC50 = 0.727 mg/L) and investigated the resistance level of 6 field populations to tetraniliprole. All tested...
Source: Insect Science - October 17, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Hao Sun, Shuai Wang, Chong Liu, Wen ‐Kai Hu, Jin‐Wei Liu, Ling‐Jun Zheng, Meng‐Yue Gao, Fang‐Rui Guo, Song‐Tao Qiao, Jun‐Li Liu, Bo Sun, Cong‐Fen Gao, Shun‐Fan Wu Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Lactobacillus melliventris promotes hive productivity and immune functionality in Bombus terrestris performance in the greenhouse
Here, we evaluated how supplementation withLactobacillus melliventris isolated from bumblebee gut affected the colony development ofBombus terrestris in laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory,L. melliventris colonized robustly and persisted long-term in bumblebees, changing the gut microbiota composition. The Wnt and mTOR pathways of the gut were downregulated and the tyrosine metabolism of the brain and fat body were upregulated, leading to a significantly higher in immunity and tyrosine metabolism. The field experiment in the greenhouse revealed that supplementation ofL. melliventris led to a 2.5-fold increas...
Source: Insect Science - October 14, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Qianhui Yu, Yan Liu, Shanshan Liu, Shaogang Li, Yifan Zhai, Qingchao Zhang, Li Zheng, Hao Zheng, Yifan Zhai, Xiaofei Wang Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Object use in insects
Insects have been demonstrated to exhibit rich object-use behaviors. The intelligence, pre-existing manipulation behavior (e.g., ant use materials in nest building as pre-existing behavior to cover inaccessible surfaces or drop particles behavior or food bury), and anatomical structure affect the innovation of object use. In addition, learning and imitation (e.g., bumblebees learn to pull string) may be the best forms to spread object-use behavior in the population. AbstractInsects are the most diverse group of organisms in the animal kingdom, and some species exhibit complex social behaviors. Although research on insect o...
Source: Insect Science - October 13, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Chao Wen, Cai Wang, Xiaoli Guo, Hongyu Li, Haijun Xiao, Junbao Wen, Shikui Dong Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Cover Caption
AbstractThe pleasing lacewings (Dilaridae) are a distinctive family of the holometabolous order Neuroptera, mainly characterized by the sexually dimorphic antennae and long tubular ovipositor, which are widely distributed in most zoogeographic regions except for Australia. The female egg-laying behaviors, and the anatomy of the larval head are reported in detail for understanding their phylogeny and larval adaptation to subterranean habitat (see pages 1449-1467). Photo provided by Yuezheng Tu. (Source: Insect Science)
Source: Insect Science - October 13, 2023 Category: Biology Tags: CONTENTS Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Insect Science)
Source: Insect Science - October 13, 2023 Category: Biology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research

Fatty acids derived from oviposition systems guide female black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) toward egg deposition sites
While the polyphagous larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) are gaining interest as an alternative protein source for food and feed, little research has been done on the behavior of the adults. We identified three fatty acids and one fatty acid methyl ester derived from old oviposition sites and aimed to elucidate their effect on preference behavior and oviposition site selection using Y-tubing olfactometry and prepared oviposition sites, respectively. Exposure to tetradecanoic acid attracted gravid females significantly and stimulated oviposition most strongly. In addition, females kept in mixed-sex populati...
Source: Insect Science - October 12, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Patrick Kl über, Emna Arous, Jeanny Jerschow, Marco Fraatz, Daniel Bakonyi, Martin Rühl, Holger Zorn Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cytoplasmic FKBPs are involved in molting and metamorphosis through regulating the nuclear localization of EcR
RNAi of 2 cytoplasmicFKBPs, specificallyFKBP45 andFKBP12b, prevented the nuclear localization ofEcR, and ultimately affected molting and metamorphosis in insects. AbstractMolting and metamorphosis are important physiological processes in insects that are tightly controlled by ecdysone receptor (EcR) through the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling pathway. EcR is a steroid nuclear receptor (SR). Several FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) have been identified from the mammal SR complex, and are thought to be involved in the subcellular trafficking of SR. However, their roles in insects are poorly understood. To explore whether FK...
Source: Insect Science - October 12, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Xian Zhang, Qiao ‐Ran Wang, Qian Wu, Jun Gu, Li‐Hua Huang Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

The neglect of nonnative orthopterans as potential invaders: A call for awareness
The spread of nonnative orthopterans. AbstractDespite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species, there is a dearth of data on the presence, impacts, and management implications of potentially invasive Orthoptera species. This lack of research and inconsistent data, including risk screenings and impact assessments, is especially evident in Europe. Consequently, assessing the status, distribution, and potential threats of nonnative Orthoptera in Europe remains challenging, impeding the development of effective management strategies. To address this gap, we call for increased efforts to collect and cur...
Source: Insect Science - October 12, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Anna K. Kulessa, Paride Balzani, Ismael Soto, Anton ín Kouba, David Renault, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Phillip J. Haubrock Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Bacterial plant pathogens affect the locomotor behavior of the insect vector: a case study of Citrus volkameriana –Triozae erytreae–Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus system
This study aimed to characterize theCLas effects prior and after its acquisition onT. erytreae psyllid. The probing behavior of uninfectedT. erytrea is little affected by the infected status of the plant.T. erytrea individuals previously reared onCLas-infected plants exhibited (1) a modification of their locomotive behavior and (2) a lower mass, water rate, and lipid rate. AbstractPlant pathogens can alter the behavior of their insect vectors as well as their survival and reproduction. The African psyllid,Trioza erytreae, is one of the vectors of Huanglongbing, a citrus disease caused mainly by “Candidatus Liberibacter a...
Source: Insect Science - October 12, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Arnaud Ameline, Alain Karkach, Thomas Denoirjean, Martial Grondin, Florencia Molinari, Patrick Turpin, H élène Delatte, Bernard Reynaud Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cold storage alters the fat –trehalose trade‐off, decreases the flight ability, and maintains the high survival rate and flight speed of Osmia excavata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Strong cold resistance helpsOsmia excavata avoid cold damage. A sufficiently high fat content helps to maintain the high survival and flight speed ofO.  excavata after extended refrigeration. However, the decreased trehalose content reduces the energy supply for flight, which significantly decreases the flight ability ofO.  excavata after cold storage. AbstractOsmia solitary bees are important pollinators of various crops worldwide. Refrigeration has been widely used to synchronize the emergence time ofOsmia species from cocoons with the blooming time of different crops, but the fitness ofOsmia after refrigeration remain...
Source: Insect Science - October 12, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Yingying Song, Li Liu, Fang Ouyang, Hongying Cui, Wenxiu Guo, Suhong Lv, Baohua Ye, Lili Li, Yi Yu, Xingyuan Men Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Matrix metalloproteinase 2 contributes to adult eclosion and immune response in the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida
In this study, 6 MMP homologs were identified in the SHB genome. RNA interference experiments showed that all 6AtMmps are not required for the larval-pupal transition, onlyAtMmp2 was essential for pupal-adult eclosion in SHB. Knockdown ofAtMmp2 resulted in eclosion defects and wing expansion failure, as well as mortality within 3  d of adult eclosion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that knockdown ofAtMmp2 significantly increased expression of the Toll and Imd pathways, chitin metabolism, and cross-linking (such as the pro-phenoloxidase activating cascade pathway and the tyrosine-mediated cuticle sclerotization and pigme...
Source: Insect Science - September 27, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Lixian Wu, Yajing Xu, Liangbin Li, Dainan Cao, Fang Liu, Hongxia Zhao Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Body color plasticity of Diaphorina citri reflects a response to environmental stress
This study partly explains the body color polyphenism ofD.  citri and provides insights into the molecular changes of stress response ofD.  citri. (Source: Insect Science)
Source: Insect Science - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Jiayao Fan, Feng Shang, Huimin Pan, Chenyang Yuan, Tianyuan Liu, Long Yi, Jinjun Wang, Wei Dou Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Deciphering the cellular heterogeneity of the insect brain with single ‐cell RNA sequencing
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged in the past decade and profoundly accelerated our understanding of brain complexity. scRNA-seq has a higher resolution than bulk RNA-seq, which enables novel cell type classification, dynamic trajectory construction, and gene regulatory network identification. To give a general understanding of scRNA-seq application in brain science, we depict a brief overview of the experimental workflow and a typical downstream data analysis in this graphical abstract. AbstractInsects show highly complicated adaptive and sophisticated behaviors, including spatial orientation skills, lear...
Source: Insect Science - September 14, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Xiaofei Wang, Yifan Zhai, Hao Zheng Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
This study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species ’ performance. The toxicity of two “model” substances for each of these classes (cypermethrin; pirimiphos-methyl) was quantified, with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Critical effect doses corresponding to 10% yield (CED10) for cypermethrin (0.4 mg/kg) and pirimiphos-methyl (4.8 mg/kg) were determined. The addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor 2.6. These data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in ea...
Source: Insect Science - September 12, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nathan Meijer, Lisa Zoet, Theo Rijk, Paul Zomer, Deborah Rijkers, H.J. Fels ‐Klerx, Joop J.A. Loon Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila: a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population
Several morphological traits have been recurrently used as predictors of flight capacity. We detected significant differences in flight time between sexes and species in two pair of sibling species ofDrosophila derived from the same population. However, we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and flight time, suggesting that the adaptive role of morphology might have been overestimated in relation to flight. AbstractInsect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors, from the search for sexual partners, food, or breeding sites. Many studies have postulated the adaptive...
Source: Insect Science - September 10, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicol ás Flaibani, Victoria Estefanía Ortiz, Juan José Fanara, Valeria Paula Carreira Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research