World Gastroenterology Organisation - Gut commentary series on digestive health and climate change
Introducing a commentary series related to digestive health and climate change We are delighted to introduce to the Gut readership a compendium of nine commentaries, each summarising one, or a hybrid, of the nine educational webinars organised by the World Gastroenterology Organisation. The webinars covered the why, what and how in terms of climate change (CC) as related to digestive health hazards, disease implications and actionable interventions.1 These 1-hour webinars were held every 2 weeks, 8 March to 28 June 2023, and will remain freely available for anyone to view any or all of them depending on the topic of intere...
Source: Gut - November 24, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Omary, M. B., Leddin, D., Metz, G., Veitch, A. M., El-Omar, E. M., Macedo, G., Perman, M. L. Tags: Editor's choice, Gut Commentary Source Type: research
Correction: Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners?
Paone P, Cani PD. Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners? Gut 2020;69:2232-43.
There is a misspelling of the Cftr gene in this article. The article has Ctfr instead of Cftr in the following sentence, which should read as:
For example, during high-fat diet feeding, there is an impairment in mucus production and secretion, an enrichment in barrier-disrupting species, and a decrease in the expression of the Cftr gene in mouse ileal enterocytes, causing a reduction in viscosity and density of the mucus and an increase in intestinal permeability.
doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322260corr1 (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - November 24, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Open access, Gut Correction Source Type: research
Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency
Over 200 health journals call on the United Nations (UN), political leaders and health professionals to recognise that climate change and biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis and must be tackled together to preserve health and avoid catastrophe. This overall environmental crisis is now so severe as to be a global health emergency. The world is currently responding to the climate crisis and the nature crisis as if they were separate challenges. This is a dangerous mistake. The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP) on climate change is about to be held in Dubai while the 16th COP on biodiversity is due to be held in T...
Source: Gut - November 24, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Zielinski, C., on behalf of the authorship group listed below Tags: Open access, Gut Commentary Source Type: research
Reply: Immortal time bias in a retrospective study examining colorectal cancer mortality according to adherence to colonoscopy
We appreciate Dr Winters and Dr Ford’s letter1 for the opportunity to clarify the role of immortal time bias that in the authors’ opinion may have affected the results of our previous article.2 Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine whether changing the time window at risk after positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) affected estimated risks, but no significant differences were observed. There are two main reasons for this. The first is intrinsically related to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening that in most cases detects initial lesions.3 4 Given progression to CRC is slow, dying within the f...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Zorzi, M., Battagello, J., Barbiellini Amidei, C. Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
Diameter of the shunt: the missing link in the appraisal of pTIPS in patients with cirrhosis with previous hepatic encephalopathy
We read with interest the manuscript by Rudler et al.1 The authors reported a substudy of a multicentre prospective observational investigation evaluating acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in 2138 patients with cirrhosis (927 were at high risk of rebleeding, ie, Child-Pugh (CP) C 10–13 or CP B and active bleeding) between 2011 and 2015. Among 671 high-risk patients meeting the inclusion criteria for pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (pTIPS) placement, only 66 actually received this procedure, of whom 35 had hepatic encephalopathy (HE) at admission. Patients were followed for 1 year. The authors ob...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Thevenot, T., Desmarets, M., Weil, D., Di Martino, V. Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
On the ethics of digestive health research in historically marginalised communities
The recent publication in Gut of work titled ‘Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in men with high-risk homosexual activity’ by Mansoor et al1 detailing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in men who have sex with men (MSM) has caused us much concern. This episode represents a teaching opportunity to discuss the ethics of digestive health research in historically marginalised communities (HMCs). Due to historic and ongoing lack of political and economic power and low levels of representation of HMCs among decision-makers at academic institutions and funding agencies, research questions pertinent...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Velez, C., Targownik, L. E. Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
Reply to Newman et al 'Response to epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in men with high-risk homosexual activity
We thank Newman et al1 for the interest in our recent letter2; however, we strongly disagree with the statement that our work has ‘significant methodological flaws’. First, in regard to inference of sexual behaviour from billing codes, we would like to point out that prior studies have used these codes to analyse administrative datasets.3 We acknowledge the possibility of biases inherent to large database studies that use the electronic health record (EHR), including the potential for misdiagnoses, inaccurate coding and documentation errors. However, administrative claims documenting sexual orientation are code...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mansoor, E., Martin, S. A., Perez, A., Nguyen, V. Q., Katz, J. A., Gupta, S., Cominelli, F. Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
APC mosaicism, not always isolated: two first-degree relatives with apparently distinct APC mosaicism
APC mosaicism is briefly mentioned in the recently published BSG guidelines on hereditary colorectal cancer.1 We wish to present a family that underlines its relevance. A 26-year-old woman presented at the department of Clinical Genetics at Leiden University Medical Center with osteomas, lipomas, extra tooth and bowel problems. Using Sanger sequencing on leucocyte DNA, a pathogenic APC variant (NM_000038.6:c.4391_4394delAGAG) was detected with variant allele frequency of 20%–40%, indicating mosaicism. Subsequent colonoscopy and gastroduodenoscopy showed >200 colorectal adenomas in a patchy pattern and large variat...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Terlouw, D., Hes, F. J., Suerink, M., Boot, A., Langers, A. M. J., Tops, C. M., van Leerdam, M. E., van Asperen, C. J., Rozen, S. G., Bijlsma, E. K., van Wezel, T., Morreau, H., Nielsen, M. Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
GI highlights from the literature
Basic scienceA multi-omics approach for revealing the crosstalk between the carbohydrate metabolism by gut microbiota and the insulin resistance Takeuchi T, Kubota T, Nakanishi Y, et al. Gut microbial carbohydrate metabolism contributes to insulin resistance. Nature 2023;6217978:389–95. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06466-x. Carbohydrate metabolism by the gut microbiota has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and pre-diabetes, but the mechanistic linkage remains unexplained in humans. Takeuchi et al, employed a multi-omics approach, combined the faecal metabolome, the gut microbiome and the host path...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Smith, P. J. Tags: Gut JournalScan Source Type: research
Different levels of healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: mucosal, histological, transmural, barrier and complete healing
Mucosal healing on endoscopy has emerged as a key prognostic parameter in the management of patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis/UC) and can predict sustained clinical remission and resection-free survival. The structural basis for this type of mucosal healing is a progressive resolution of intestinal inflammation with associated healing of ulcers and improved epithelial barrier function. However, in some cases with mucosal healing on endoscopy, evidence of histological activity in mucosal biopsies has been observed. Subsequently, in UC, a second, deeper type of mucosal healing, denoted histological...
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Neurath, M. F., Vieth, M. Tags: GUT Recent advances in clinical practice, Gut Source Type: research
From clinical variables to multiomics analysis: a margin morphology-based gross classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma stratification
Conclusion
Different gross types of HCC showed significantly different prognosis and molecular characteristics. Gross classification may aid in development of precise individualised diagnosis and treatment strategies for HCC. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Fan, Z., Jin, M., Zhang, L., Wang, N., Li, M., Wang, C., Wei, F., Zhang, P., Du, X., Sun, X., Qiu, W., Wang, M., Wang, H., Shi, X., Ye, J., Jiang, C., Zhou, J., Chai, W., Qi, J., Li, T., Zhang, R., Liu, X., Huang, B., Chai, K., Cao, Y., Mu, W., Huang, Y., Tags: Open access, Gut Hepatology Source Type: research
Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion
This study determined a high prevalence of NAFLD, NASH and fibrosis in people with T2DM. Increased efforts are required to prevent T2DM to combat the rising burden of NAFLD.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022360251. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: En Li Cho, E., Ang, C. Z., Quek, J., Fu, C. E., Lim, L. K. E., Heng, Z. E. Q., Tan, D. J. H., Lim, W. H., Yong, J. N., Zeng, R., Chee, D., Nah, B., Lesmana, C. R. A., Bwa, A. H., Win, K. M., Faulkner, C., Aboona, M. B., Lim, M. C., Syn, N., Kulkarni, A. V Tags: Gut Hepatology Source Type: research
Phenotypic CD8 T cell profiling in chronic hepatitis B to predict HBV-specific CD8 T cell susceptibility to functional restoration in vitro
Conclusions
The possibility to distinguish patient cohorts with different capacity to respond to immune modulatory compounds in vitro by a simple analysis of the phenotypic CD8 T cell exhaustion profile deserves evaluation of its clinical applicability. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Rossi, M., Vecchi, A., Tiezzi, C., Barili, V., Fisicaro, P., Penna, A., Montali, I., Daffis, S., Fletcher, S. P., Gaggar, A., Medley, J., Graupe, M., Lad, L., Loglio, A., Soffredini, R., Borghi, M., Pollicino, T., Musolino, C., Alfieri, A., Brillo, F., La Tags: Open access, Gut Hepatology Source Type: research
Roseburia intestinalis generated butyrate boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
Conclusion
R. intestinalis protects against colorectal tumourigenesis by producing butyrate, which could also improve anti-PD-1 efficacy by inducing functional CD8+ T cells. R. intestinalis is a potential adjuvant to augment anti-PD-1 efficacy against CRC. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kang, X., Liu, C., Ding, Y., Ni, Y., Ji, F., Lau, H. C. H., Jiang, L., Sung, J. J., Wong, S. H., Yu, J. Tags: Open access, Gut Gut microbiota Source Type: research
Gastrointestinal syndromes preceding a diagnosis of Parkinsons disease: testing Braaks hypothesis using a nationwide database for comparison with Alzheimers disease and cerebrovascular diseases
Conclusion
Dysphagia, gastroparesis, IBS without diarrhoea and constipation might specifically predict Parkinson’s disease. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - October 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Konings, B., Villatoro, L., Van den Eynde, J., Barahona, G., Burns, R., McKnight, M., Hui, K., Yenokyan, G., Tack, J., Pasricha, P. J. Tags: Editor's choice, Press releases, Gut Gut brain axis Source Type: research
