Revealing and harnessing CD39 for the treatment of colorectal cancer and liver metastases by engineered T cells
Conclusion
HER-2-specific CD39 disrupted engineered T cells are promising advanced medicinal products for primary and metastatic CRC. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Potenza, A., Balestrieri, C., Spiga, M., Albarello, L., Pedica, F., Manfredi, F., Cianciotti, B. C., De Lalla, C., Botrugno, O. A., Faccani, C., Stasi, L., Tassi, E., Bonfiglio, S., Scotti, G. M., Redegalli, M., Biancolini, D., Camisa, B., Tiziano, E., Si Tags: Gut Colon Source Type: research
Treatment of adenoma recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection
Conclusions
RRA after EMR of LNPCPs can be effectively treated using simple endoscopic techniques with long-term adenoma remission of >90%; only 16% required retreatment. Therefore, more technically complex, morbid and resource-intensive endoscopic or surgical techniques are required only in selected cases.
Trial registration numbers
NCT01368289 and NCT02000141 (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Tate, D. J., Desomer, L., Argenziano, M. E., Mahajan, N., Sidhu, M., Vosko, S., Shahidi, N., Lee, E., Williams, S. J., Burgess, N. G., Bourke, M. J. Tags: Gut Endoscopy Source Type: research
Technical performance and diagnostic yield of motorised spiral enteroscopy compared with single-balloon enteroscopy in suspected Crohns disease: a randomised controlled, open-label study (the MOTOR-CD trial)
Conclusion
MSE and SBE have comparable technical success and diagnostic yield for small bowel evaluation in suspected CD. MSE scores over SBE with regard to deeper small bowel evaluation with complete small bowel coverage and higher depth of insertion in a shorter time.
Trial registration number
NCT05363930. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Pal, P., Ramchandani, M., Banerjee, R., Viswakarma, P., Singh, A. P., Reddy, M., Rughwani, H., Patel, R., Sekaran, A., Kanaganti, S., Darisetty, S., Nabi, Z., Singh, J., Gupta, R., Lakhtakia, S., Pradeep, R., Venkat Rao, G., Tandan, M., Reddy, D. N. Tags: Gut Endoscopy Source Type: research
A mechanism by which gut microbiota elevates permeability and inflammation in obese/diabetic mice and human gut
Conclusion
Overall, we discovered that the reduced capacity of obese microbiota to metabolise ethanolamine instigates gut permeability, inflammation and glucose metabolic dysfunctions, and restoring ethanolamine-metabolising capacity by a novel probiotic therapy reverses these abnormalities.
Trial registration number
NCT02869659 and NCT03269032. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mishra, S. P., Wang, B., Jain, S., Ding, J., Rejeski, J., Furdui, C. M., Kitzman, D. W., Taraphder, S., Brechot, C., Kumar, A., Yadav, H. Tags: Open access, Gut Gut microbiota Source Type: research
Gut virome-colonising Orthohepadnavirus genus is associated with ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and induces intestinal inflammation in vivo
Conclusion
This study described HBx as a contributor to the UC pathogenesis and provides a new perspective on the virome as a target for tailored treatments. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Massimino, L., Palmieri, O., Facoetti, A., Fuggetta, D., Spano, S., Lamparelli, L. A., D'Alessio, S., Cagliani, S., Furfaro, F., D'Amico, F., Zilli, A., Fiorino, G., Parigi, T. L., Noviello, D., Latiano, A., Bossa, F., Latiano, T., Pirola, A., Mologni, L. Tags: Open access, Gut Inflammatory bowel disease Source Type: research
Mepolizumab for treatment of adolescents and adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Conclusions
Mepolizumab did not achieve the primary endpoint of improving dysphagia symptoms compared with placebo. While eosinophil counts and endoscopic severity improved with mepolizumab at 3 months, longer treatment did not yield additional improvement.
Trial registration number
NCT03656380. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Dellon, E. S., Peterson, K. A., Mitlyng, B. L., Iuga, A., Bookhout, C. E., Cortright, L. M., Walker, K. B., Gee, T. S., McGee, S. J., Cameron, B. A., Galanko, J. A., Woosley, J. T., Eluri, S., Moist, S. E., Hirano, I. Tags: Gut Oesophagus Source Type: research
Psychological symptoms do not discriminate between reflux phenotypes along the organic-functional refractory GERD spectrum
Conclusion
Psychological symptoms do not differ between nor predict reflux phenotype membership in refractory reflux patients. Findings suggest that psychological symptoms are relevant across the spectrum of GERD, rather than specific to functional oesophageal disorders. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Geeraerts, A., Guadagnoli, L., Pauwels, A., Geysen, H., Neyens, T., Van Oudenhove, L., Vanuytsel, T., Tack, J. Tags: Gut Oesophagus Source Type: research
Assessment of the yearly carbon emission of a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit
Message Despite ‘green endoscopy’ has meanwhile been regarded as a highly relevant topic, the scientific basis of ongoing discussions and various position statements is poor. We developed a tool for calculating the yearly emissions of a middle-sized gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy unit in Germany (8000 procedures per year). Calculation was based on in-house energy consumption as well as emissions caused by production and transportation of consumables related to endoscopic procedures. The total amount of emitted carbon dioxide equivalents in 2022 was 62.72 tons. Based on our data, a further reduction in emission...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Henniger, D., Windsheimer, M., Beck, H., Brand, M., Lux, T., Hann, A., Meining, A. Tags: Open access, Gut Endoscopy news Source Type: research
Enolase: a metabolic checkpoint behind diverse exhaustion stages of CD8+ T cells in chronic HBV and HCV
Resolving chronic hepatic infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) could be realised through two primary approaches: direct targeting of the virus or enhancement of the immune response, encompassing antiviral and immune-based therapies, respectively. Although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications exhibit remarkable efficacy in curing chronic HCV infection, the current approach to treating chronic HBV infection relies on long-term administration of nucleos(t)ide analogues, which inhibits viral replication but falls short of resolving the infection.1 The importance of functional virus-specific T cells...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Le Bert, N., Fisicaro, P. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
New insights into an old paradigm: why IgA accumulates in alcoholic liver disease and what could be its role
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease in western countries with highly morbid complications, such as alcohol-associated hepatitis and limited therapeutic options.1 The pathogenesis of ALD is highly influenced by the gut-liver axis1 and some of the key features of ALD include dysbiosis (bacterial, fungal and viral), increased intestinal permeability and translocation of bacterial ligands that activate inflammatory pathways in the liver (figure 1). In this context, the defence mechanism especially at the intestinal level are essential for the control of bacterial translocation. Am...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ciocan, D., Turpin, W. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
MicroRNA-223: a key regulator of liver tumour microenvironment
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with few effective drug treatments. Recent combination therapies inhibiting immune checkpoints and angiogenesis showed better overall and progression-free survival outcomes than the protein kinase inhibitor sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC,1 suggesting targeting tumour microenvironment (TME) is a promising strategy for the treatment of HCC. However, how the TME is developed and regulated is still poorly known. Thus, understanding the pathogenesis of HCC TME would be essential in order to develop more effective HCC thera...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Avila, M. A. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
Obesity promotes a leaky gut, inflammation and pre-diabetes by lowering gut microbiota that metabolise ethanolamine
Microbiota are a source of low-grade inflammation during obesity and contribute to insulin resistance and poor blood glucose control among other mechanisms in the progression of type 2 diabetes.1 Nearly all bacteria that reside within the host are found in the intestine, but it is not yet clear how microbiota are a source of inflammation in the circulation or metabolic tissues during obesity. A key knowledge gap is understanding how obesity or certain diets promote gut barrier dysfunction that allows increased permeability for bacteria or bacterial components that can engage immune response and promote inflammation-induced...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Fang, H., e-Lacerda, R. R., Schertzer, J. D. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
Is HBx protein the X factor in the pathogenesis of IBD?
The role of viruses in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been a topic of conjecture for decades. Initial focus on specific viral agents in IBD like norovirus, rotaviruses and measles virus did not gain ground. The advent of metagenomics and detailed assessment of the ‘whole gut virome’ has now shown that the gastrointestinal tract harbours nearly 109 virus like particles per gram, with the majority comprised of prokaryotic viruses (bacteriophages infecting bacteria) and a minority of eukaryotic viruses.1 In IBD, the bacteriophages as apex predators in the gut ecosystem can alter thei...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mukhopadhya, I. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
Multiple inflammatory mechanisms in eosinophilic oesophagitis make it unlikely that single pathway inhibition by monoclonal biological therapies would succeed
Once regarded as a rare disease, the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) have risen consistently over the past 25 years.1 It is now the second most common disease of the oesophagus after gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and the most likely cause of thoracic dysphagia and of food bolus obstruction presenting to emergency departments.2 With the burden ever growing, it behoves clinicians who may see patients with symptoms suggestive of EoE to be aware of the condition, how it should be diagnosed and what the options are for treatment. Confirmation of diagnosis is straightforward. A dense infiltration...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Attwood, S. E. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
BSG guidelines on faecal immunochemical testing: are they 'FIT for purpose?
The use of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for patients with features of possible colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased significantly over recent years. The UK has been slower to adopt FIT than several other countries, especially in Scandinavia.1 Colonoscopy remains the ‘gold-standard’ test with high sensitivity and specificity, and allows biopsy of lesions and removal of polyps. However, endoscopy services in the UK (and internationally) are under huge pressure, with demand outstripping capacity, a situation exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is imperative to develop tools to stratify indi...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Rees, C. J., Hamilton, W. Tags: Gut Commentary Source Type: research
