Overcoming regional limitations: transfer learning for cross-regional microbial-based diagnosis of diseases
With great interest, we have read the article by Clooney et al, which highlighted the regional effects on the heterogeneity of the gut microbiota among populations with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).1 As a result, regional effects would largely limit the microbial-based diagnosis of diseases across regions. Although current machine learning methods based on microbial features have been applied to diagnosis of diseases such as IBD2 and type 2 diabetes,3 these methods are unable to mitigate the regional effects and meet the demand of microbial-based cross-regional diagnosis of diseases. Here, we proposed a machine learnin...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Wang, N., Cheng, M., Ning, K. Tags: Open access, Gut PostScript Source Type: research
Response to Mansoor et al: 'epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in men with high-risk homosexual activity
We were interested to read the letter by Mansoor et al, ‘epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in men with high-risk homosexual activity’,1 which was in response to the two recently published studies by Agrawal et al2 and Cha et al.3 However, we would like to point out significant methodological flaws in their design and analysis. The data used have the potential to misclassify both the exposure and outcomes. The authors inferred sexual behaviours from billing codes, which is not included in the best practices outlined in the 2022 National Academies report on this topic.4 Sexual orientation and sexua...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Newman, K. L., Jencks, K., Chedid, V., Paul, S., Higgins, P. D. R., Kane, S. V., Long, M. Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
Response to letter to the editor: lumen-apposing metal stents versus double-pigtail plastic stents for infected necrotising pancreatitis
We kindly thank Larghi et al and Tiwari et al for their interest in our study.1–3 We acknowledge the limitations of our study. However, we would like to make some additional remarks. We agree with the authors that our approach inherits the risk of selection bias, given the non-randomised comparative design and baseline differences between groups. Being aware of this, we corrected for baseline imbalances between groups for the primary endpoint with logistic regression analysis. We also acknowledge that we did not account for interhospital variation. However, the multicentre study protocol, including the criteria and t...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Boxhoorn, L., Verdonk, R. C., Voermans, R. P., On behalf of the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group Tags: Gut PostScript Source Type: research
Gut microbiota as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
We read with interest the study by Kartal et al1 showing that the gut-microbiota-derived biomarkers for disease stratification are often shared by subjects across disease cohorts. Here, we confirmed their observations with findings from a newly diagnosed natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) cohort, in which the gut biomarkers were significantly overlapped with those of multiple disease cohorts and consistently enriched/depleted in subjects with those diseases. Importantly, many of the shared biomarkers were remarkably associated with patient outcomes in our cohort, implying that they may have broad prognostic values in m...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Shi, Z., Hu, G., Li, M. W., Zhang, L., Li, X., Li, L., Wang, X., Fu, X., Sun, Z., Zhang, X., Tian, L., Li, Z., Chen, W.-H., Zhang, M. Tags: Open access, Gut PostScript Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in host immune system and gut microbiota are associated with the production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
Recently, we read the article by Ng et al with great interest,1 which identified several gut microbiota harbour the potential to improve immune response and reduce adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines, and demonstrated that gut microbiota has the potential to complement the effectiveness of vaccines. Together with several recent studies, gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating immune responses of vaccination2–4 and is related to the severity of COVID-19 patients,5 6 however, the comprehensive assessment of host’s response, particularly the role of gut microbiota in antibodies production is limited a...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Han, M., Huang, Y., Gui, H., Xiao, Y., He, M., Liu, J., Cao, X., Zheng, M., Lu, M., Jia, W., Li, H., Wang, X., Zhang, N., Kong, S.-a., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Wu, F., Huang, S. Tags: Open access, Gut, COVID-19 PostScript Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection was associated with higher morbidity in patients with cirrhosis
Dufour et al highlighted that the effect of COVID-19 in patients with cirrhosis is derived from the prevaccination era and suggested that the impact of Omicron infection in patients with cirrhosis needs to be elucidated.1 We agree with the author that previous studies have reported significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis infected with SARS CoV-2 in the prevaccination era.2–7 To our knowledge, no studies have assessed the impact of Omicron infection in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, we aimed to compare the outcomes of Omicron infection among patients with cirrhosis and without cirrhosis. We...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kulkarni, A. V., Metage, C. S., Gora, B. A., Tirumalle, S., Rakam, K., Satyavadi, A., Sharma, M., Shaik, S., Gujjarlapudi, D., Rao, P. N., Reddy, D. N. Tags: Gut, COVID-19 PostScript Source Type: research
GI highlights from the literature
Basic scienceMacrophage and neutrophil heterogeneity in human inflammatory bowel disease Garrido-Trigo A, Corraliza A, Veny M, et al. Macrophage and neutrophil heterogeneity at single-cell spatial resolution in human inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2023: 14(1):4506. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40156-6. Patients with underlying ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) have heterogeneous differences in clinical manifestations and response to treatments. The molecular basis for this heterogeneity remains uncharacterised. Garrido-Trigo et al applied single-cell RNA sequencing and CosMx Spatial Molecular Imagin...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Smith, P. J. Tags: Gut JournalScan Source Type: research
Drug rediscovery in gastroenterology: from off-label to on-label use of thioguanine in inflammatory bowel disease
Drug rediscovery refers to the principle of using ‘old’ drugs outside the indications mentioned in the summary of product characteristics. In the past decades, several drugs were rediscovered in a wide variety of medical fields. One of the most recent examples is the unconditional registration of thioguanine (TG), a thiopurine derivative, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the Netherlands. In this paper, we aim to visualise potential hurdles that hamper drug rediscovery in general, emphasise the global need for optimal use and development of potentially useful drugs, and provide an overview of the r...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: de Boer, N. K. H., Simsek, M., Meijer, B., Neurath, M. F., van Bodegraven, A., Mulder, C. J. J. Tags: GUT Recent advances in clinical practice, Gut Source Type: research
Enolase represents a metabolic checkpoint controlling the differential exhaustion programmes of hepatitis virus-specific CD8+ T cells
Conclusion
Metabolism of HBV-specific and HCV-specific T cells is strongly connected to their exhaustion severity. Our results highlight enolase as metabolic regulator of severely exhausted T cells. They connect differential bioenergetic fitness with distinct exhaustion subtypes and varying liver disease, with implications for therapeutic strategies. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Winkler, F., Hipp, A. V., Ramirez, C., Martin, B., Villa, M., Neuwirt, E., Gorka, O., Aerssens, J., Johansson, S. E., Rana, N., Llewellyn-Lacey, S., Price, D. A., Panning, M., Gross, O., Pearce, E. L., Hermann, C. M., Schumann, K., Hannibal, L., Neumann-H Tags: Open access, Gut Hepatology Source Type: research
Hepatic pIgR-mediated secretion of IgA limits bacterial translocation and prevents ethanol-induced liver disease in mice
Conclusion
Our results highlight that dysfunctional hepatic pIgR enhances alcohol-associated liver disease due to impaired antimicrobial defence by IgA in the gut. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Hendrikx, T., Lang, S., Rajcic, D., Wang, Y., McArdle, S., Kim, K., Mikulski, Z., Schnabl, B. Tags: Gut Hepatology Source Type: research
MicroRNA-223 attenuates hepatocarcinogenesis by blocking hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and immunosuppression
Conclusion
The miR-223 plays a critical role in modulating hypoxia-induced tumour immunosuppression and angiogenesis, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for HCC. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Fu, Y., Mackowiak, B., Feng, D., Lu, H., Guan, Y., Lehner, T., Pan, H., Wang, X. W., He, Y., Gao, B. Tags: Gut Hepatology Source Type: research
Mature tertiary lymphoid structures are key niches of tumour-specific immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
Conclusion
We provided a framework for understanding the biological role of PDAC-associated TLSs and revealed their potential to guide the selection of patients for future immunotherapy trials. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kinker, G. S., Vitiello, G. A. F., Diniz, A. B., Cabral-Piccin, M. P., Pereira, P. H. B., Carvalho, M. L. R., Ferreira, W. A. S., Chaves, A. S., Rondinelli, A., Gusmao, A. F., Defelicibus, A., dos Santos, G. O., Nunes, W. A., Claro, L. C. L., Bernardo, T. Tags: Gut Pancreas Source Type: research
Consensus definition of sludge and microlithiasis as a possible cause of pancreatitis
Conclusion
We propose a consensus definition for the localisation, ultrasound morphology and diameter of biliary sludge and microlithiasis as distinct entities. Interestingly, severity of biliary AP was not dependent on the size of concrements warranting prospective randomised studies which treatment options are adequate to prevent recurrence. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Zorniak, M., Sirtl, S., Beyer, G., Mahajan, U. M., Bretthauer, K., Schirra, J., Schulz, C., Kohlmann, T., Lerch, M. M., Mayerle, J., The LMU Microlithiasis Expert Survey Team Tags: Open access, Editor's choice, Gut Pancreas Source Type: research
Bad gut feeling: a case of recurrent abdominal pain in a young man
A Southeast Asian man in his early 20s with no medical history presented with persistent abdominal pain and nausea for 3 weeks. He reported no recent sick contacts and no travel in the past 5 years since arrival to the USA. Physical examination was notable for right lower quadrant tenderness. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed hyperaemia and fat stranding near the terminal ileum and cecum, concerning for appendicitis. He underwent laparoscopic appendectomy with pathology showing acute granulomatous appendicitis. Bacterial, fungal and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stains were negative. Given the presence of granulomas, interfero...
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Celaj, S., Singh, H. Tags: GUT Snapshot, Gut Editor ' s quiz: GI snapshot Source Type: research
An efficient strategy for evaluating new non-invasive screening tests for colorectal cancer: the guiding principles
Conclusion
New non-invasive tests can be efficiently evaluated by a rigorous phased comparative approach, generating data from unbiased populations that inform predictions of their health impact. (Source: Gut)
Source: Gut - September 13, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Bresalier, R. S., Senore, C., Young, G. P., Allison, J., Benamouzig, R., Benton, S., Bossuyt, P. M. M., Caro, L., Carvalho, B., Chiu, H.-M., Coupe, V. M. H., de Klaver, W., de Klerk, C. M., Dekker, E., Dolwani, S., Fraser, C. G., Grady, W., Guittet, L., G Tags: Open access, Gut Colon Source Type: research
