Molecular mechanisms of corpus callosum development: a four-step journey
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is a bundle of axons connecting the cerebral hemispheres. It is the most recent structure to have appeared during evolution of placental mammals. Its development is controlled by a very complex interplay of many molecules. In humans it contains almost 80% of all commissural axons in the brain. The formation of the CC can be divided into four main stages, each controlled by numerous intracellular and extracellular molecular factors. First, a newborn neuron has to specify an axon, leave proliferative compartments, the Ventricular Zone (VZ) and Subventricular Zone (SVZ), migrate through the Intermedia...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Domingo S ánchez y Sánchez (1860–1947): Cajal’s man on the nervous system of invertebrates
Domingo Sánchez y Sánchez (1860–1947), a distinguished disciple of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, played a fundamental role in the Spanish School of Neurohistology through the meticulous use of diverse staining and microscopic techniques in the study of the histology and physiology of the invertebrate nervous system, generating valuable contributions that were recognized and cited by the scientific community. His research covered a wide range of areas: he was initially an anthropologist and zoologist, later earning a doctorate in Medicine and specializing in the neurohistology of invertebrates, including the detailed study o...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Micropopulation mapping of the mouse parafascicular nucleus connections reveals diverse input –output motifs
DiscussionOur data thus indicate that the mouse Pf consists of several neurochemically and connectively distinct domains whose global organization bears a marked similarity to that described in the primate CM-Pf complex. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Age-related changes in the primary auditory cortex of newborn, adults and aging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are located in the upper cortical layers
DiscussionThis trend persisted in older animals, suggesting a continuous development of connections throughout the life of these marine animals. Our findings further support the proposition that thalamic input reach upper layers in cetaceans, at least within a cortical area critical for their survival. Moreover, our results indicate the likelihood of changes in cell populations occurring in adult animals, prompting the need for characterization. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Revisiting the two rhythm generators for respiration in lampreys
This study was aimed at characterizing both anatomically and physiologically the brainstem regions involved in generating the two rhythms. The fast rhythm generator has been located by us and others in the rostral hindbrain, rostro-lateral to the trigeminal motor nucleus. More recently, this was challenged by researchers reporting that the fast rhythm generator was located more rostrally and dorsomedially, in a region corresponding to the mesencephalic locomotor region. These contradictory observations made us re-examine the location of the fast rhythm generator using anatomical lesions and physiological recordings. We now...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ontogenetic changes in the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive preoptic area in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758) females: catecholaminergic involvement in sexual maturation
IntroductionThe catecholaminergic component of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis, which mediates the influence of external and internal stimuli on the central nervous system and gonad development in vertebrates, is largely unexplored in Chondrichthyes. We considered Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758) females as a model for this vertebrate's class, to assess the involvement of the catecholaminergic system of the brain in its reproduction. Along the S. canicula reproductive cycle, we characterized and evaluated differences in somata morphometry and the number of putative catecholaminergic neurons in two brain nuclei: the perive...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 4, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Interactions between the mammalian main and accessory olfactory systems, volume II
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increase of glutamate in satellite glial cells of the trigeminal ganglion in a rat model of craniofacial neuropathic pain
DiscussionThese findings suggest that glutamate in the trigeminal SGCs that envelop all types of neurons may play a role in the mechanisms of neuropathic pain, possibly via paracrine signaling. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Erratum: Characterization of primary visual cortex input to specific cell types in the superior colliculus
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Women in Neuroanatomy
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Unveiling the mechanisms of neuropathic pain suppression: perineural resiniferatoxin targets Trpv1 and beyond
Neuropathic pain arises from damage or disorders affecting the somatosensory system. In rats, L5 nerve injury induces thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity/hyperalgesia. Recently, we demonstrated that applying resiniferatoxin (RTX) directly on uninjured L3 and L4 nerves alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity resulting from L5 nerve injury. Herein, using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR techniques, we reveal that perineural application of RTX (0.002%) on the L4 nerve substantially downregulated the expression of its receptor (Trpv1) and three different voltage-gated ion channels (Nav1.9, Kv4.3, ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Structural networking of the developing brain: from maturation to neurosurgical implications
Modern neuroscience agrees that neurological processing emerges from the multimodal interaction among multiple cortical and subcortical neuronal hubs, connected at short and long distance by white matter, to form a largely integrated and dynamic network, called the brain “connectome.” The final architecture of these circuits results from a complex, continuous, and highly protracted development process of several axonal pathways that constitute the anatomical substrate of neuronal interactions. Awareness of the network organization of the central nervous system is crucial not only to understand the basis of children’s...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Structural connectivity of cytoarchitectonically distinct human left temporal pole subregions: a diffusion MRI tractography study
The temporal pole (TP) is considered one of the major paralimbic cortical regions, and is involved in a variety of functions such as sensory perception, emotion, semantic processing, and social cognition. Based on differences in cytoarchitecture, the TP can be further subdivided into smaller regions (dorsal, ventrolateral and ventromedial), each forming key nodes of distinct functional networks. However, the brain structural connectivity profile of TP subregions is not fully clarified. Using diffusion MRI data in a set of 31 healthy subjects, we aimed to elucidate the comprehensive structural connectivity of three cytoarch...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Cerebellar and basal ganglia inputs define three main nuclei in the mouse ventral motor thalamus
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Automated pipeline for nerve fiber selection and g-ratio calculation in optical microscopy: exploring staining protocol variations
This study aimed to develop an automated pipeline for selecting nerve fibers and calculating relevant g-ratio using quality parameters in optical microscopy. Histological sections from the sciatic nerves of 16 female mice were prepared and stained with either p-phenylenediamine (PPD) or toluidine blue (TB). A custom UNet model was trained on a mix of both types of staining to segment the sections based on 7,694 manually delineated nerve fibers. Post-processing excluded non-relevant nerves. Axon diameter, myelin thickness, and g-ratio were computed from the segmentation results and its reliability was assessed using the int...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
