Localization of the neuropeptides pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and their receptors in the basal brain blood vessels and trigeminal ganglion of the mouse CNS; an immunohistochemical study
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are structurally related neuropeptides that are widely expressed in vertebrate tissues. The two neuropeptides are pleiotropic and have been associated with migraine pathology. Three PACAP and VIP receptors have been described: PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2. The localization of these receptors in relation to VIP and PACAP in migraine-relevant structures has not previously been shown in mice. In the present study, we used fluorescence immunohistochemistry, well-characterized antibodies, confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional recon...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Immunoelectron microscopy: Placing molecular functions within a neuronal context
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Morphological and phenotypical characteristics of porcine satellite glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) ensure homeostasis and proportional excitability of sensory neurons and gained interest in the field of development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Pigs represent a suitable species for translational medicine with a more similar anatomy and physiology to humans compared to rodents, and are used in research regarding treatment of neuropathic pain. Knowledge of anatomical and physiological features of porcine SGCs is prerequisite for interpreting potential alterations. However, state of knowledge is still limited. In the present study, light microscopy, ultra...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neurochemical atlas of the cat spinal cord
The spinal cord is a complex heterogeneous structure, which provides multiple vital functions. The precise surgical access to the spinal regions of interest requires precise schemes for the spinal cord structure and the spatial relation between the spinal cord and the vertebrae. One way to obtain such information is a combined anatomical and morphological spinal cord atlas. One of the widely used models for the investigation of spinal cord functions is a cat. We create a single cell-resolution spinal cord atlas of the cat using a variety of neurochemical markers [antibodies to NeuN, choline acetyltransferase, calbindin 28 ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Up-regulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors located at glutamatergic terminals in the medial prefrontal cortex of the obese Zucker rat
The present study describes a detailed neuroanatomical distribution map of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor, along with the biochemical characterization of the expression and functional coupling to their cognate Gi/o proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPCx) of the obese Zucker rats. The CB1 receptor density was higher in the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subregions of the mPCx of obese Zucker rats relative to their lean littermates which was associated with a higher percentage of CB1 receptor immunopositive excitatory presynaptic terminals in PL and IL. Also, a higher expression of CB1 receptors and WIN55...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective effect of naringin against cerebellar changes in Alzheimer ’s disease through modulation of autophagy, oxidative stress and tau expression: An experimental study
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual cognitive decline. Strong antioxidants that inhibit free radicals, such as polyphenols, reduce the likelihood of developing oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as AD. Naringin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruit shown to be neuroprotective, reduce oxidative damage and minimize histopathological changes caused by ischemic reperfusion, enhance the long-term memory in AD animal models. This work aimed to comprehend the role of naringin in the defense of the cerebellum against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD in rats by inves...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A combined use of silver pretreatment and impregnation with consequent Nissl staining for cortex and striatum architectonics study
Despite a rapid growth in the application of modern techniques for visualization studies in life sciences, the classical methods of histological examination are yet to be outdated. Herein, we introduce a new approach that involves combining silver nitrate pretreatment and impregnation with consequent Nissl (cresyl violet) staining for cortex and striatum architectonics study on the same microscopy slide. The developed approach of hybrid staining provides a high-quality visualization of cellular and subcellular structures, including impregnated neurons (about 10%), Nissl-stained neurons (all the remaining ones), and astrocy...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pre- and postsynaptic alterations in the visual cortex of the P23H-1 retinal degeneration rat model
P23H rats express a variant of rhodopsin with a mutation that leads to loss of visual function with similar properties as human autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The advances made in different therapeutic strategies to recover visual system functionality reveal the need to know whether progressive retina degeneration affects the visual cortex structure. Here we are interested in detecting cortical alterations in young rats with moderate retinal degeneration, and in adulthood when degeneration is severer. For this purpose, we studied the synaptic architecture of the primary visual cortex (V1) by analyzing a seri...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Antigenicity is preserved with fixative solutions used in human gross anatomy: A mice brain immunohistochemistry study
ConclusionSolutions designed to preserve specimens for human gross anatomy dissections also preserve tissue antigenicity in different brain cells. This offers opportunities for the use of human brains fixed in gross anatomy laboratories to assess normal or pathological conditions. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - October 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Anatomically curated segmentation of human subcortical structures in high resolution magnetic resonance imaging: An open science approach
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain segmentation has recently been revolutionized by deep learning methods. These methods use large numbers of annotated segmentations to train algorithms that have the potential to perform brain segmentations reliably and quickly. However, training data for these algorithms are frequently obtained from automated brain segmentation systems, which may contain inaccurate neuroanatomy. Thus, the neuroimaging community would benefit from an open source database of high quality, neuroanatomically curated and manually edited MRI brain images, as well as the publicly available tools and de...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lesions causing central sleep apnea localize to one common brain network
ConclusionOur results suggest that brain injuries responsible for CSA are part of a common brain network defined by connectivity to the middle cingulate gyrus and bilateral cerebellar posterior lobes, lending insight into the neuroanatomical substrate of CSA. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: The morphology and physiology of insect chemosensory systems – Its origin and evolution
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Somatotopic localization of c-Fos expression in the spinal cord in response to noxious heat sensation
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Full cervical cord tractography: A new method for clinical use
Despite recent improvements in diffusion-weighted imaging, spinal cord tractography is not used in routine clinical practice because of difficulties in reconstructing tractograms, with a pertinent tri-dimensional-rendering, in a long post-processing time. We propose a new full tractography approach to the cervical spinal cord without extensive manual filtering or multiple regions of interest seeding that could help neurosurgeons manage various spinal cord disorders. Four healthy volunteers and two patients with either cervical intramedullary tumors or spinal cord injuries were included. Diffusion-weighted images of the cer...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cellular and molecular alterations in neurons and glial cells in inherited retinal degeneration
Multiple gene mutations have been associated with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). Despite the spectrum of phenotypes caused by the distinct mutations, IRDs display common physiopathology features. Cell death is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. The vertebrate retina has several attributes that make this tissue vulnerable to oxidative and nitrosative imbalance. The high energy demands and active metabolism in retinal cells, as well as their continuous exposure to high oxygen levels and light-induced stress, reveal the importance of tightly regulated homeostatic processes to maintain retinal function, w...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
