The olfactory limbus of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway
Discussion: This makes this species a novel mammalian model, the study of which could improve our understanding of the noncanonical pathways involved in the processing of chemosensory cues. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Translational control in cortical development
Differentiation of specific neuronal types in the nervous system is worked out through a complex series of gene regulation events. Within the mammalian neocortex, the appropriate expression of key transcription factors allocates neurons to different cortical layers according to an inside-out model and endows them with specific properties. Precise timing is required to ensure the proper sequential appearance of key transcription factors that dictate the identity of neurons within the different cortical layers. Recent evidence suggests that aspects of this time-controlled regulation of gene products rely on post-transcriptio...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the coexpression of prokineticin receptor 2 and gonadal steroids receptors in mice
Loss-of-function mutations in prokineticin 2 (PROK2) and the cognate receptor prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) genes have been implicated in reproductive deficits characteristic of Kallmann Syndrome (KS). Knock out of Prokr2 gene produces the KS-like phenotype in mice resulting in impaired migration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, olfactory bulb dysgenesis, and infertility. Beyond a developmental role, pharmacological and genetic studies have implicated PROKR2 in the control of the estrous cycle in mice. However, PROKR2 is expressed in several reproductive control sites but the brain nuclei associated wit...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Analysis of the expression and distribution of protein O-linked mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 in the normal adult mouse brain
DiscussionThe present study suggests that POMGNT1, although widely expressed in various brain regions, may has some regional and cellular specificity, and the outcomes of this study provide a new laboratory basis for revealing the possible involvement of POMGNT1 in normal physiological functions of the brain from a morphological perspective. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Electroacupuncture ameliorates inflammatory response induced by retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and protects the retina through the DOR-BDNF/Trkb pathway
Conclusion: EA at Jingming (BL1) and Shuigou (GV26) or at Jingming (BL1) and Hegu (LI4) may inhibit RIRI induced inflammation through activating the DOR-BDNF/TrkB pathway to protect the retina, especially the pair of Jingming (BL1) and Shuigou (GV26) has better inhibitory effects on inflammation. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cell numbers in the reflected blade of CA3 and their relation to other hippocampal principal cell populations across seven species
The hippocampus of many mammals contains a histoarchitectural region that is not present in laboratory mice and rats—the reflected blade of the CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells of the reflected blade do not extend dendrites into the hippocampal molecular layer, and recent evidence indicates that they, like the proximal CA3 pyramids in laboratory rats and mice, partially integrate functionally with the dentate circuitry in pattern separation. Quantitative assessments of phylogenetic or disease-related changes in the hippocampal structure and function treat the reflected blade heterogeneously. Depending on the eas...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - January 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Current perspective on retinal remodeling: Implications for therapeutics
The retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Both present with progressive photoreceptor degeneration that is further complicated by processes of retinal remodeling. In this perspective, we discuss the current state of the field of retinal remodeling and its implications for vision-restoring therapeutics currently in development. Here, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls retinal remodeling poses for each therapeutic strategy under the premise that understanding the features of retinal remodeling in totality will provide a bas...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Perioperative sleep deprivation activates the paraventricular thalamic nucleus resulting in persistent postoperative incisional pain in mice
ConclusionOur data revealed that the CaMKIIα neurons in the mPVT are involved in the extension of the postsurgical pain duration induced by REMSD, and represented a novel potential target to treat postoperative pain induced by REMSD. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acquisition-dependent modulation of hippocampal neural cell adhesion molecules by associative motor learning
In conclusion, our findings show a specific temporal pattern of hippocampal CAMs expression during the acquisition process, highlighting the relevance of NCAM, PSA-NCAM, and L1 as learning-modulated molecules critically involved in remodeling processes underlying associative motor-memories formation. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroanatomical and psychological considerations in temporal lobe epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy and is associated with a variety of structural and psychological alterations. Recently, there has been renewed interest in using brain tissue resected during epilepsy surgery, in particular ‘non-epileptic’ brain samples with normal histology that can be found alongside epileptic tissue in the same epileptic patients — with the aim being to study the normal human brain organization using a variety of methods. An important limitation is that different medical characteristics of the patients may modify the brain tissue. Thus, to better determine how ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chronic neuroinflammation impairs waste clearance in the rat brain
ConclusionOur results suggest that chronic neuroinflammation is sufficient to compromise the clearance of macromolecular waste from the brain parenchyma and may be the root cause of impaired waste clearance associated with a variety of brain pathologies. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Cutting-edge technologies for the comprehensive analysis of neural circuits
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Alpha retinal ganglion cells in pigmented mice retina: number and distribution
Conclusions: The combination of specific antibodies is a useful tool to identify and study αRGCs and their subtypes. αRGCs are distributed throughout the retina presenting higher density in the temporal area. The sustained ON and OFF response subtypes are mainly located in the periphery while the transient ON and OFF response subtypes are found in the central regions of the retina. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - December 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Recent technological advances in correlative light and electron microscopy for the comprehensive analysis of neural circuits
Light microscopy (LM) covers a relatively wide area and is suitable for observing the entire neuronal network. However, resolution of LM is insufficient to identify synapses and determine whether neighboring neurons are connected via synapses. In contrast, the resolution of electron microscopy (EM) is sufficiently high to detect synapses and is useful for identifying neuronal connectivity; however, serial images cannot easily show the entire morphology of neurons, as EM covers a relatively narrow region. Thus, covering a large area requires a large dataset. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of neurons ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Histology-informed automatic parcellation of white matter tracts in the rat spinal cord
The objective of this study was to generate automatic parcellation of the rat spinal white matter tracts using the manifold information from scanning electron microscopy images of the entire spinal cord. The axon morphometrics (axon density, axon diameter, myelin thickness and g-ratio) were computed pixelwise following automatic axon segmentation using AxonSeg. The parcellation was based on an agglomerative clustering algorithm to group the tracts. Results show that axon morphometrics provide sufficient information to automatically identify some white matter tracts in the spinal cord, however, not all tracts were correctly...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - November 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
