Identification of glucocorticoid receptors as potential modulators of parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons within rat intracardiac ganglia
ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the existence of GR predominantly on cardiac parasympathetic neurons and TH-immunoreactive SIF cells suggesting a functional role of cardiac GR on cardiovascular function by modulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The retina of the lab rat: focus on retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors
Albino and pigmented rat strains are widely used in models to study retinal degeneration and to test new therapies. Here, we have summarized the main topographical and functional characteristics of the rat retina focussing on photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the beginning and end of the retinal circuitry, respectively. These neurons are very sensitive to injury and disease, and thus knowing their normal number, topography, and function is essential to accurately investigate on neuronal survival and protection. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
EEG brain oscillations are modulated by interoception in response to a synchronized motor vs. cognitive task
This study can be considered as the first attempt to classify the different effects of interoceptive manipulation on motor and cognitive synchronization tasks using neurophysiological measures. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Scribble basal polarity acquisition in RPE cells and its mislocalization in a pathological AMD-like model
Apicobasal polarity is a hallmark of retinal pigment epithelium cells and is required to perform their functions; however, the precise roles of the different proteins that execute polarity are still poorly understood. Here, we have studied the expression and location of Scribble, the core member of the polarity basal protein complex in epithelial-derived cells, in human and mouse RPE cells in both control and pathological conditions. We found that Scribble specifically localizes at the basolateral membrane of mouse and human RPE cells. In addition, we observed an increase in the expression of Scribble during human RPE deve...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Developmental errors in the common marmoset retina
Although retinal organization is remarkably conserved, morphological anomalies can be found to different extents and varieties across animal species with each presenting unique characteristics and patterns of displaced and misplaced neurons. One of the most widely used non-human primates in research, the common marmoset (Callithrix jaccus) could potentially also be of interest for visual research, but is unfortunately not well characterized in this regard. Therefore, the aim of our study was to provide a first time description of structural retinal layering including morphological differences and distinctive features in th...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pair-bonding and social experience modulate new neurons survival in adult male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
This study aimed to evaluate if cohabitation with mating and/or social exposure to a vole of the opposite sex increased the survival of the new cells in the main and accessory OB and DG. To identify the new cells and evaluate their survival, voles were injected with the DNA synthesis marker 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and were randomly distributed into one of the following groups: (A) Control (C), voles that did not receive any sexual stimulation and were placed alone during the behavioral test. (B) Social exposure (SE), voles were individually placed in a cage equally divided into two compartments by an acrylic scree...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: Brain imaging for glycobiology
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hypothalamic orexinergic neuron changes during the hibernation of the Syrian hamster
Hibernation in small mammals is a highly regulated process with periods of torpor involving drops in body temperature and metabolic rate, as well as a general decrease in neural activity, all of which proceed alongside complex brain adaptive changes that appear to protect the brain from extreme hypoxia and low temperatures. All these changes are rapidly reversed, with no apparent brain damage occurring, during the short periods of arousal, interspersed during torpor—characterized by transitory and partial rewarming and activity, including sleep activation, and feeding in some species. The orexins are neuropeptides synthe...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The cortical spectrum: A robust structural continuum in primate cerebral cortex revealed by histological staining and magnetic resonance imaging
High-level characterizations of the primate cerebral cortex sit between two extremes: on one end the cortical mantle is seen as a mosaic of structurally and functionally unique areas, and on the other it is seen as a uniform six-layered structure in which functional differences are defined solely by extrinsic connections. Neither of these extremes captures the crucial neuroanatomical finding: that the cortex exhibits systematic gradations in architectonic structure. These gradations have been shown to predict cortico-cortical connectivity, which in turn suggests powerful ways to ground connectomics in anatomical structure,...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II associates with the K+ channel isoform Kv4.3 in adult rat optic nerve
Spikes are said to exhibit “memory” in that they can be altered by spikes that precede them. In retinal ganglion cell axons, for example, rapid spiking can slow the propagation of subsequent spikes. This increases inter-spike interval and, thus, low-pass filters instantaneous spike frequency. Similarly, a K+ ion channel blocker (4-aminopyridine, 4AP) increases the time-to-peak of compound action potentials recorded from optic nerve, and we recently found that reducing autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) does too. These results would be expected if CaMKII modulates spike propag...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Expression of opsins of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora reveals the first photopigment in cnidarian ocelli and supports the presence of photoisomerases
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
CaMKII Associates with the K + Channel Isoform Kv4.3 in Adult Rat Optic Nerve
Spikes are said to exhibit “memory” in that they can be altered by spikes that precede them. In retinal ganglion cell axons, for example, rapid spiking can slow the propagation of subsequent spikes. This increases inter-spike interval and, thus, low-pass filters instantaneous spike frequency. A K+ ion channel blocker (4-aminopyridine, 4AP) produces similar effects on compound action potentials recorded from optic nerve, and we recently found that reducing autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) does too. These results would be expected if CaMKII regulates spike propagation by regu...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ex vivo susceptibility-weighted imaging anatomy of canine brain –comparison of imaging and histological sections
Now that access of large domestic mammals to high-field MRI becomes more common, techniques initially implemented for human patients can be used for the structural and functional study of the brain of these animals. Among them, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a recent technique obtained from gradient echo (GE) imaging that allow for an excellent anatomical tissue contrast and a non-invasive assessment of brain iron content. The goal of this study was to design an optimal GE SWI imaging protocol to be used in dogs undergoing an MRI examination of the brain in a 3-Tesla scanner. This imaging protocol was applied to ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural activity patterns in the chemosensory network encoding vomeronasal and olfactory information in mice
Rodents detect chemical information mainly through the olfactory and vomeronasal systems, which play complementary roles to orchestrate appropriate behavioral responses. To characterize the integration of chemosensory information, we have performed electrophysiological and c-Fos studies of the bulbo–amygdalar network in freely behaving female mice exploring neutral or conspecific stimuli. We hypothesize that processing conspecifics stimuli requires both chemosensory systems, and thus our results will show shared patterns of activity in olfactory and vomeronasal structures. Were the hypothesis not true, the activity of th...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
No evidence for age-related alterations in the marmoset retina
The physiological aging process of the retina is accompanied by various and sometimes extensive changes: Macular degeneration, retinopathies and glaucoma are the most common findings in the elderly and can potentially lead to irreversible visual disablements up to blindness. To study the aging process and to identify possible therapeutic targets to counteract these diseases, the use of appropriate animal models is mandatory. Besides the most commonly used rodent species, a non-human primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) emerged as a promising animal model of human aging over the last years. However, the visual ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - September 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
