Vasculature in the mouse colon and spatial relationships with the enteric nervous system, glia, and immune cells
In conclusion, in the mouse colon, (1) the differences in vasculature between the proximal and distal colon were associated with the morphology, but not the microvascular amount per tissue volume in the mucosa and muscle layers; (2) the colonic mucosa contained significantly more microvessels than the muscularis externa; and (3) there were more CGRP and VIP nerve fibers found close to microvessels in the mucosa and submucosa than in the muscle layers. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - June 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Topological arrangement of coronal segments in human callosal fibers in vivo tractography
The topography of human callosal fibers in the midsagittal corpus callosum (mid-CC), in terms of cortical termination, is inconsistent in the literature. Despite being a high-profile and controversial topic, heterotopic callosal bundles (HeCBs) have not been studied from a whole-brain perspective. Here, we used multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging data from Human Connectome Project Development to explore these two topographic aspects by combining whole-brain tractography based on multi-shell multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution, the post-tractography reducing-false-positive-streamline algorithm of Convex Opti...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hindlimb muscle representations in mouse motor cortex defined by viral tracing
In this study, we used the retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus to compare the organization of descending cortical projections to fast- and slow-twitch hindlimb muscles surrounding the ankle joint in mice.ResultsAlthough the initial stage of virus transport from the soleus muscle (predominantly slow-twitch) appeared to be more rapid than that associated with the tibialis anterior muscle (predominantly fast-twitch), the rate of further transport of virus to cortical projection neurons in layer V was equivalent for the two injected muscles. After appropriate survival times, dense concentrations of layer V proje...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Optogenetics in primate cortical networks
The implementation of optogenetics in studies on non-human primates has generally proven quite difficult, but recent successes have paved the way for its rapid increase. Limitations in the genetic tractability in primates, have been somewhat overcome by implementing tailored vectors and promoters to maximize expression and specificity in primates. More recently, implantable devices, including microLED arrays, have made it possible to deliver light deeper into brain tissue, allowing targeting of deeper structures. However, the greatest limitation in applying optogenetics to the primate brain is the complex connections that ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroanatomical data collection and usability
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Stereotaxic cutting of post-mortem human brains for neuroanatomical studies
Stereotaxis is widely used in clinical neurosurgery, neuroradiosurgery, and neuroimaging. Yet, maps of brain structures obtained from post-mortem human brains are not usually presented in known stereotaxic coordinates. Post-mortem brain data given in stereotaxic coordinates would facilitate comparisons with in vivo human neuroimages and would also facilitate intra and inter-experiment comparisons. In this article, we present a crafted instrument for stereotaxic cutting of post-mortem human brain hemispheres. The instrument consists of a transparent methacrylate plate facing a mirror, four legs, and lateral regularly spaced...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Editorial: The earliest-born cortical neurons as multi-tasking pioneers: expanding roles for subplate neurons in cerebral cortex organization and function, volume II
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Corrigendum: A review of the peripheral proprioceptive apparatus in the larynx
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A novel immunohistochemical protocol for paraffin embedded tissue sections using free-floating techniques
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established and widely used protocol used to visualize tissue architecture, protein expression and localization. Free-floating methods for IHC employ tissue sections that are cut from a cryostat or vibratome. The limitations of these tissue sections are tissue fragility, poor morphology, and the need to use sections of 20–50 μm. In addition, there is a void of information regarding the use of free floating immunohistochemical techniques on paraffin embedded tissue. To address this, we developed a free-float IHC protocol with paraffin embedded tissue (PFFP) that saves time, resources,...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
In celebration of Hispanic women in neuroscience
(Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Visuomotor interactions in the mouse forebrain mediated by extrastriate cortico-cortical pathways
DiscussionThese findings support the existence of a dorsal processing stream in the mouse visual system, where visual signals reach motor cortex largely via feedforward projections in anteriorly and medially located extrastriate areas. (Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy)
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Histological and MRI brain atlas of the common shrew, Sorex araneus, with brain region-specific gene expression profiles
The common shrew, Sorex araneus, is a small mammal of growing interest in neuroscience research, as it exhibits dramatic and reversible seasonal changes in individual brain size and organization (a process known as Dehnel’s phenomenon). Despite decades of studies on this system, the mechanisms behind the structural changes during Dehnel’s phenomenon are not yet understood. To resolve these questions and foster research on this unique species, we present the first combined histological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transcriptomic atlas of the common shrew brain. Our integrated morphometric brain atlas provides ...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - May 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Projections of the insular cortex to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex: A tracing study in the rat
The dense fiber pathways that connect the insular cortex with frontal cortices are thought to provide these frontal areas with interoceptive information, crucial for their involvement in executive functions. Using anterograde neuroanatomical tracing, we mapped the detailed organization of the projections from the rat insular cortex to its targets in orbitofrontal (OFC) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex. In OFC, main insular projections distribute to lateral and medial parts, avoiding ventral parts. Whereas projections from the primary gustatory cortex densely innervate dorsolateral OFC, likely corresponding to what in pr...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Projections of the insular cortex to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex. A tracing study in the rat
The dense fiber pathways that connect the insular cortex with frontal cortices are thought to provide these frontal areas with interoceptive information, crucial for their involvement in executive functions. Using anterograde neuroanatomical tracing, we mapped the detailed organization of the projections from the rat insular cortex to its targets in orbitofrontal (OFC) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex. In OFC, main insular projections distribute to lateral and medial parts, avoiding ventral parts. Whereas projections from the primary gustatory cortex densely innervate dorsolateral OFC, likely corresponding to what in pr...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Human and mouse cortical astrocytes: a comparative view from development to morphological and functional characterization
The vision of astroglia as a bare scaffold to neuronal circuitry has been largely overturned. Astrocytes exert a neurotrophic function, but also take active part in supporting synaptic transmission and in calibrating blood circulation. Many aspects of their functioning have been unveiled from studies conducted in murine models, however evidence is showing many differences between mouse and human astrocytes starting from their development and encompassing morphological, transcriptomic and physiological variations when they achieve complete maturation. The evolutionary race toward superior cognitive abilities unique to human...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy - April 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
