Tip of the Iceberg Findings: Subtle Radiographic Abnormalities Indicating Significant Pathology in the Knee
This article will provide a review of important indicators of ligament, tendon, and osseous injuries with an emphasis on their mechanism of injury. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 18, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
State-of-the-Art Imaging in Human Chordoma of the Skull Base
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChordoma are rare tumours of the axial skeleton which occur most often at the base of the skull and in the sacrum. Although chordoma are generally slow-growing lesions, the recurrence rate is high and the location makes it often difficult to treat. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial in the initial diagnosis, treatment plann ing and post-treatment follow-up.Recent FindingsBasic MRI and CT characteristics of chordoma were described in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Since then, imaging techniques have evolved with increased resolution and new molecular im...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 3, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Blunt Injury of the Bowel and Mesentery
This article will review the current state-of-the-art approach in using direct and indirect MDCT signs of bowel injury in an attempt to differentiate surgical from nonsurgical lesions, and discuss imaging protocols used at our institution for follow-up imaging in nonsurgical lesions. We will also demonstrate the potential utility of DS-CT in blunt bowel injury. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 3, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging Parkinsonian Pathology in Substantia Nigra with MRI
This article outlines iron-sensitive and diffusion-sensitive MRI contrasts, and provides an overview of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI techniques. The application of these techniques to image parkinsonian pathobiology in substantia nigra is then reviewed, with a focus on neuromelanin-sensitive imaging methods for the accurate and reproducible study of PD-related changes in SNc. These advances may help resolve current controversies surrounding MRI investigations of substantia nigra in PD and related disorders. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 20, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism on Computed Tomography: Common Pathologic and Imaging Mimics
This article will discuss the diagnosis of acute PE with CT, the diagnosis of diseases that may be mistaken for acute PE, and how to identify imaging artifacts that may be mistaken for an acute PE. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Periprocedural Management in Transthoracic Needle Biopsy: Review of the Current Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTransthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) is a common diagnostic tool with expanding clinical indications. While most literature on this topic has focused on complications and techniques, this review will examine the evidence for periprocedural care specific to lung biopsy.Recent FindingsReview of the literature reveals great heterogeneity in clinical practice regarding periprocedural management of TTNB, for example, in terms of post-procedural monitoring as well as strategies for dealing with potential complications of TTNB. This is on the basis of a relative paucity of systematic clinical studies to gui...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Thoracic Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the imaging findings of thoracic infections occurring in immunocompromised patients. Lung infection remains one of the most common complications in immunocompromised patients and is one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Imaging examinations are frequently performed in immunocompromised patients suspected of having chest infection. This review primarily illustrates the CT findings of lung infection. Early detection is important because these patients can rapidly develop fulminant disease.Recent FindingsThe imaging findings of a variety o...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 27, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Cystic Lung Disease from Protein Deposition: Pathogenesis and Associated Conditions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe explicate the development of cystic lung disease from the deposition of protein in the lung. The protein may be in the form of amyloid or non-amyloid (typically immunoglobulin-associated light chains) and is usually seen in the context of three entities: idiopathic light-chain deposition disease, Sjogren ’s syndrome, and clonal lymphoplasmacytic proliferative disorders. A commonly observed and distinctive feature of the circumscribed cystic spaces is the presence of internal tissue septations.Recent FindingsThe traditional causal association of lung cysts and the pathologic entity of lymphocyt...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 27, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging the Breast in Pregnant or Lactating Women
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe the imaging evaluation of common benign and malignant breast lesions encountered in pregnant or lactating women.Recent FindingsThere is increasing prevalence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer as the age of women during pregnancy increases. Women in the first 10 years following pregnancy demonstrate an elevated risk for breast cancer compared to the average population. MRI has been shown to be more sensitive for evaluating the extent of disease in lactating patients than mammography or ultrasound.SummaryThe hormonal effects of pregnancy and lactation on the breast lead to distinc...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 3, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The Role of PET/CT with 18 F-FDG in the Assessment of Therapeutic Response of Head and Neck Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo make a brief review on the pre-treatment evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) and to discuss the use of this method after treatment, with emphasis on the evaluation of therapeutic response.Recent FindingsThe18F-FDG PET/CT pre-treatment evaluation is recommended at III –IV staging to determine metastasis foci. At post-evaluation, the use of18F-FDG PET/CT is very important to confirm the therapeutic response based on its high negative predictive value (NPV), mostly when it ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 31, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Thoracic Imaging of Solid Tumor Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewImmune checkpoint inhibitors harness the patient ’s own immune system to fight cancer. They are now approved for treating a number of solid malignancies, with more agents and indications expected in the coming months and years. Because of their unique mechanism of action, these agents may lead to unusual imaging appearances.Recent FindingsRare patients may experience pseudoprogression, whereby tumors may initially increase in size or number despite response to therapy. Many patients will experience autoimmune side effects including pneumonitis, which may lead to respiratory compromise and will ne...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 30, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Current Management of High-Risk Breast Lesions
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to describe recent updates in the management of high-risk breast lesions. We review the various high-risk breast lesions and evaluate the collective literature regarding the rates of upgrade to invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ with excisional biopsy as well as the increased risk for future breast cancer development that a diagnosis of a high-risk breast lesion may portend. For those lesions associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, we discuss the appropriate surveillance regimens as well as risk reduction opportunities available to patients.Recent ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 30, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Renal Cyst Infection
This article aims to review the role of18F-FDG PET/CT in renal CI, particularly in the context of ADPKD, compare this technique with conventional radiological and nuclear medicine methods, and discuss future perspectives in the approach to such a diagnostic challenge. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 29, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
BI-RADS 3: Current and Future Use of Probably Benign
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProbably benign (BI-RADS 3) causes confusion for interpreting physicians and referring physicians and can induce significant patient anxiety. The best uses and evidence for using this assessment category in mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI will be reviewed; the reader will have a better understanding of how and when to use BI-RADS 3.Recent FindingsInterobserver variability in the use of BI-RADS 3 has been documented. The 5th edition of the BI-RADS atlas details the appropriate use of BI-RADS 3 for diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, and discourages its use in screening mammog...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 27, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Evolving Medical-Legal Issues in Breast Imaging
This article addresses these issues and provides a contextual discussion so that physicians and facilities are educated in their selection of a wide variety of approaches that can be applied to clinical use. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 25, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
