Positron Emission Tomography and Molecular Imaging of Head and Neck Malignancies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMetabolic reprogramming and avid fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and other cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract lead to favorable sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT or PET/MR compared to conventional imaging. Meanwhile, the role of non-FDG PET in head and neck malignancies is rapidly expanding.Recent FindingsAccurate staging, identifying a clinically occult primary, or detection of distant metastasis or a synchronous malignancy on FDG PET significantly impacts management. FDG uptake after definitive therapy is an invaluab...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - September 10, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The Role of MRI in Rectal Cancer: An Updated Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo bring the radiologists up to date on the state of the art of the magnetic resonance imaging protocol of the rectal cancer and on the findings to consider for reports.Recent FindingsRecently, the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology updated the 2012 guidelines with new recommendations on the acquisition and reporting of MRI for staging and restaging of rectal cancer; furthermore latest advanced MRI techniques (diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, kurtosis) are object of ongoing studies with promising results.SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging plays...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 25, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Multiparametric MRI of Prostate Cancer: Recent Advances
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo bring the radiologists up to date on the state of the art of the magnetic resonance imaging in detection of prostate cancer and on the findings to consider for reports.Recent FindingsRecently, the members of American College of Radiologist updated the new guidelines (Prostate Imaging —Reporting and Data System) with new recommendations on the acquisition and reporting of MRI for staging and restaging of prostate cancer, giving a particular importance to the latest advanced MRI techniques (diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging).SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging plays ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 19, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Traumatic Brain Injury: Radiological Findings and Clinical Outcome
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThis review talks about the principal imaging investigations in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Physiopathological mechanisms are briefly discussed. The article will focus on the major brain lesions and their imaging appearance with also reference to the most recent techniques that can correlate with prognosis.Recent FindingsNeuroimaging plays a principal role in the evaluation of TBI. CT and MRI are used for the evaluation of pathological findings after the trauma and for the follow-up. Several classification systems have been proposed to correlate neuroimaging findings and patients ’ outcome....
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 19, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging of Skeletal Involvement in Hemolymphatic Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper is aimed at describing the main malignant hematolymphoid disorders and their most frequent imaging appearance.Recent FindingsHematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma that may involve the bone marrow as a primary or metastatic disease. Imaging has a pivotal role in the assessment of bone involvement, staging, and evaluation of treatment response and detection of complications.SummaryRadiologist should be aware of most frequent findings of hematological malignant diseases, in order to perform an earlier diagnosis ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 19, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Diagnostic Approach to Evaluating Superficial Masses on Ultrasound
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to give clinicians a guide of how to approach the diagnosis of superficial masses using ultrasound. This was separated into neoplastic and non-neoplastic etiologies, with key imaging features given to help distinguish between the two.Recent FindingsLatest diagnostic findings in the evaluation of superficial masses include assessing for vascularity, evaluating the echogenicity, measuring size, and analyzing the borders and location of the mass. More specific guidelines are given in the evaluation of thyroid nodules using TI-RADS, a radiologic risk stratification system dev...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 13, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
An Update on Hepatobiliary Ultrasound
This article will provide a review of hepatobiliary ultrasound interpretation with an emphasis on diagnostic accuracy and new techniques. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Clinical Relevance and Practical Approach for Challenging Rectal Cancer MRI Findings
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMRI is the standard of care for clinical staging of rectal cancer, but has limitations. The purpose of this review is to describe and simplify the clinical relevance of common challenging findings on rectal cancer MRI, and to outline a practical approach to these findings for radiologists.Recent FindingsRecent literature regarding T2 versus T3 stages, extramural depth of invasion, circumferential resection margin/mesorectal fascia involvement, anal sphincter involvement, anterior peritoneal reflection involvement, extramural vascular invasion, and lymph node involvement are reviewed. These findings...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
CT for Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Primer for Residents
This article summarizes the clinical evaluation of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of radiologic workup. It also provides a review of the non-invasive imaging modalities utilized in the workup of GIB with focus on computed tomography (CT) techniques, including the spectrum of imaging appearances of GIB. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 29, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Correction to: Ultrasound in the Limited-Resource Setting: A Systematic Qualitative Review
The original version of the article, unfortunately, contained a typographical error in one author ’s name in the author group. The author’s name was published as ‘Amy Struder’ and the corrected name is ‘Amy C. Studer’. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Role of Cardiovascular CT in Pulmonary Hypertension
This article reviews the current literature and provides a pictorial reference of CT findings associated with PH that can lead to a proposed diagnosis and, possibly, the underlying etiology of PH. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - June 17, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Recent Updates in Female Pelvic Ultrasound
AbstractPurpose of ReviewUltrasound of gynecologic diseases has evolved with growing understanding of disease pathophysiology and technical advancements. We review recent literature and summarize relevant changes in practice guidelines for evaluation of endometrial thickening, ovarian masses, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.Recent FindingsEndometrial thickening can be a sign of endometrial cancer, but normal thickness varies greatly by menstrual state and medication use. Endometrial thickness should raise suspicion at cut-offs of > 5 mm by SRU and > 4 mm by ACOG guidelines for symptomatic postmenopausal ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - June 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Calcifications on DBT and Synthetic Views: Update and Management Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an update on imaging appearance of calcifications on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) compared to digital mammography (DM), and discuss the challenges in interpretation of DBT and synthesized views (SM).Recent FindingsThe quasi-3D feature of DBT reduces tissue overlap compared to DM improving visualization of lesions. However, early studies suggest that calcifications are less conspicuous on DBT. Two-dimensional SM created from tomosynthesis acquisition are FDA approved to replace DM and demonstrate improved conspicuity of calcifications. Reader and population-based studies suggested o...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 26, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
CT Protocol Optimization in Trauma Imaging: A Review of Current Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTrauma constitutes a social and a clinical problem. The CT protocol to be adopted in polytrauma patients is still not standardized across institutions. A variety of protocols can be found in the available literature, which differ from each other in timing acquisition and number of phases.Recent FindingsEven if multiple recent studies are investigating the role of split bolus technique, multiphasic protocol has been shown to be associated with early detection and adequate characterization of vascular injuries, so it should be still considered as the “best” CT protocol for the assessment of high-...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Computer-Aided Detection/Diagnosis in Breast Imaging: A Focus on the Evolving FDA Regulations for Using Software as a Medical Device
AbstractPurpose of ReviewArtificial Intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CAD) applications for medical tasks are classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices. The purpose of this paper to review CAD and its categories, explain why AI counts as a medical device, and describe its FDA approval process. The review will also include some of the recent advancements in AI-based CAD for different modalities in breast imaging.Recent FindingsTo keep up with the rapid pace of AI, changes have recently been made by the FDA in how CAD software is classified and regulated.SummaryThe expedited 510(...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 1, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
