Tumors of the Urinary Tract
ConclusionModern surgical techniques such as nephron-sparing surgery demand high-quality imaging in the preoperative workup of renal lesions, as well as modern medical therapies, and the follow-up after nephron-sparing surgery needs reliable diagnostic information. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - June 30, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Ultrasound in the Limited-Resource Setting: A Systematic Qualitative Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the most recently published literature regarding ultrasound (US) use in limited-resource settings.Recent FindingsThe body of literature is quite heterogeneous, but several recurring themes emerged from the data. Research regarding education is burgeoning, with studies showing that low-cost training modules can effectively teach US skills to novices. Many studies reported feasibility of training non-physicians to perform US, which allows for task-shifting. Research regarding clinical application of US is broad; especially regarding Echocardiography, Infecti...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 23, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging in Lung Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe the current role of imaging in the detection, staging, therapy planning and response assessment in lung cancer.Recent FindingsLung cancer screening using low-dose CT has been shown to reduce mortality in risk groups of active or former smokers and has, thus, been recommended by several societies and organisations worldwide. There remain, however, questions regarding optimum definition of risk factors and screening intervals. Staging criteria for lung cancer have been updated in the 8th edition of the TNM staging to better reflect prognosis. Preliminary research in radiomics in lung canc...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 19, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Global Outreach for U.S. Radiology Training Programs
This article will provide a summary of requirements for creating and sustaining a global outreach elective and provide ideas and resources for overcoming common roadblocks. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 19, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Humanitarian Teleradiology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo outline the current state of humanitarian teleradiology: scope of projects, technical and organization challenges, and to outline how recent technological developments will change the face of humanitarian teleradiology and global health.Recent FindingsTechnical and information technology improvements in recent years have enabled small- and large-scale teleradiology projects in many regions, some quite remote, of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These are aimed at alleviating the severe shortage of radiologists in LMICs. Teleradiology offers an opportunity for radiologists in high-income...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPositron emission tomography has not traditionally played a major role in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Owing to high background liver uptake and molecular mechanisms within HCC lesions, uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is variable and prior studies have shown only modest overall detection of intrahepatic disease.Recent FindingsTracers such as 18F- and 11C-choline as well as 11C-acetate have been explored either in isolation or together with 18F-FDG have shown greater promise in detection of intrahepatic lesions, but yet are not in widespread clinical use. 68 Ga-Prostate...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Emerging Role of Fluciclovine and Other Next Generation PET Imaging Agents in Prostate Cancer Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProstate cancer recurrence after definitive therapy is not uncommon. Recurrent disease is first detected by the elevation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and may often be radiographically occult. The use of molecular imaging for the localization and staging of recurrent prostate cancer is promising.18F-Fluciclovine is a synthetic amino acid analog positron emission tomography (PET) tracer which has demonstrated great utility in the evaluation of patients with suspected recurrence disease. Other newer PET tracers such68Ga/18F-PSMA-ligands are being investigated for prostate imaging with promising...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 12, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Somatostatin Receptor Positron Emission Tomography: Beyond Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSimilar to various gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are overexpressed in a wide array of malignant and benign conditions. Using somatostatin positron emission tomography (PET) analogs ([68Ga]DOTA-peptides) this overexpression of SSTRs can be exploited for clinical management in terms of diagnosis, therapy, and for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).Recent FindingsRecent reports suggest that [68Ga]DOTA-peptide PET tracers have an emerging role in the management of wide array of non-GEP-NETs due to overexpression of SSTRs. The potenti...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 24, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Amino Acid PET Imaging of Glioma
This article summarizes recent developments and clinical applications of the most widely used amino acid radiotracers. While none of these agents are FDA approved in the United States, they are considered standard of care in Europe and other parts of the world with > 10,000 studies being performed in some centers (Langen et al. in J Neurooncol 120(3):665–666, 2014). (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Technology-Mediated Education in Global Radiology: Opportunities and Challenges
AbstractPurpose of reviewThis review explores opportunities and challenges in utilizing technology-mediated educational strategies for radiology education in parts of the world where attending radiologist support is limited. In efforts to increase the number of radiologists globally, radiology residencies have been established in regions where radiologists are scarce, several of which have partnerships with programs in other parts of the world. Technology-mediated educational strategies could leverage these partnerships to provide critical infrastructure to these recently established residencies.Recent findingsThe efficaci...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Molecular Imaging of Renal Malignancy: A Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy that is often detected incidentally in patients undergoing cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen for workup of pain or other symptoms. Due to overlap in imaging findings of RCC and benign tumors, biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Biopsies are occasionally non-diagnostic, however, and in small lesions or patients with comorbidities may not be technically feasible. Molecular imaging techniques can characterize tumors as being more likely malignant or benign and obviate the need for invasive testing, as well as providing accurate whole...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 19, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAs the number of cesarean deliveries continues to increase, the incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has also increased. This is likely due to the abnormal placenta/uterus interface caused by macro- or microscopic scar tissue from prior instrumentation or previous infection. Due to increasing incidence, it is important to be aware of the imaging findings of PAS, as well as the strengths and limitations of different imaging modalities.Recent FindingsThis review focuses on the ultrasound evaluation of PAS, evaluating the accuracy of various sonographic findings and comparing these results to ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 11, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Thyroid Sonography: Nuclear Medicine Point of View
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe American Cancer Society estimated that cancer of the thyroid causes 53,990 new cases and about 2060 deaths in 2018. The chance of being diagnosed with thyroid cancer has risen and this increment seems to be the result of increased use of ultrasound, CT and MR imaging examinations for reasons unrelated to the thyroid. Up to 50% of adults in central Europe have one or multiple thyroid nodules. However, the prevalence of latent carcinoma in an unselected autopsy study was 8.6%. The main diagnostic task is to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, preferably based upon on ultrasound pa...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 11, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Breast Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Benign Breast Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewUnderstandably, a great deal of research is dedicated to the identification of sonographic manifestations of malignant breast disease. However, recognition of clinical and imaging characteristics that support benign diagnoses is equally integral to accurate, cost-effective management of breast disease. Review of these characteristics is provided to enable more confident diagnosis and focused management.Recent FindingsAdvances in ultrasound utilization have extended its range to include screening and diagnosis. Coupled with updates to BI-RADS, current practices reflect the indispensable nature of ul...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 6, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Ultrasound Screening and Surveillance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
AbstractPurposeTo review the current state of the use of ultrasound in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance.FindingsDespite limitations in the evidence supporting the use of ultrasound in HCC surveillance, it has been formally recommended by a number of guidelines based on the best available evidence showing that it improves survival and is cost effective. However, ultrasound surveillance is inconsistently adopted and is prone to a number of practical and technical challenges. The recent introduction of ultrasound LI-RADS aims to standardize performance and reporting of these surveillance studies.SummaryDespite rema...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 14, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
