Pitfalls in Imaging of Female Pelvic Masses
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to highlight potential magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pitfalls that may mask and simulate ovarian cancer.Recent FindingsMR imaging is the standard method for evaluating female pelvic masses of indeterminate origin, especially sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses.To define the correct origin and nature of a pelvic mass has an enormous clinical impact, namely in females of child-bearing age. This is particularly true in adnexal lesions. Ovarian cancer usually requires a cytoreductive surgery in a specialized oncological centre. In contrast, a benign ovarian lesi...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 16, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Current Evidence of Contrast Medium-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) After Administration of Low-Osmolarity Iodine-Based Contrast Agents
AbstractPurpose of reviewContrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) may occur after intravascular administration of low-osmolarity iodine-based contrast media. The goal of this review is to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge of CIN. Questions to be investigated are as follows: What are risk factors of CIN? How should the risk factors be assessed? Have any preventive measures proven effective?Recent findingsThe main risk factor of CIN is decreased renal function prior to contrast-enhanced imaging. A variety of other factors have been described, but these are not significant in controlled studies. Before con...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 16, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric Emergency MRI: What You Need to Know to Make It Through the Night
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to introduce the non-pediatric radiologist to the many common conditions that can be diagnosed via pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in the emergency setting.Recent FindingsThe vast majority of radiologic examinations in children occurs in non-pediatric facilities, and is interpreted by non-pediatric radiologists. Therefore, it is essential that the non-pediatric radiologist is aware of the current and potential imaging trends occurring in the pediatric setting, largely focused on increased MRI utilization. With advances in MR technology, many...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 5, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular MRI in Thoracic Aortopathy: A Focused Review of Recent Literature Updates
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to provide a focused update on the clinical and research trends in thoracic aorta magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Recent FindingsTraditional cardiovascular MRI techniques for the evaluation of thoracic aortopathy have focused on vessel diameter and qualitative descriptors to characterize disease. Recent developments in MR image acquisition and flow visualization and quantification now allow for advanced evaluation of aortic hemodynamics with MRI in both adults and children with aortic disease, and are likely to provide new imaging-derived biomarkers in aortic disease. Novel acquis...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Dual Energy CT Scanning in Evaluation of the Urinary Tract
AbstractPurposeThis review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current techniques and possibilities for DECT in genito-urinary imaging.Recent FindingsDatasets obtained with each DE acquisition carry different information, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative improvement of images results in a better contrast resolution and noise reduction, whereas the iodine amount in tissues can be quantified and expressed in mg/mL yielding information on tissue vascularization. Despite the concern on radiation dose exposure, DECT obviates the need of unenhanced standard scanning phase and with the monochromatic ima...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Role of Cardiac Imaging in Cardiovascular Diseases in Females
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we discuss the role of using different cardiac imaging modalities in diagnosing cardiovascular disease in women.Recent FindingsWe discuss the different disease processes with a focus on coronary artery disease (including both stable ischemic heart disease and acute coronary syndrome), cardiomyopathy, heart disease during pregnancy, cardio-oncology, and connective tissue diseases.SummaryWe appraise the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging methods as it pertains to these disease entities. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: Imaging and Therapy Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn 2015, the management of thyroid cancer in the pediatric population was overhauled with the publication of the inaugural American Thyroid Association guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. In this article, we review these guidelines along with recent relevant literature regarding pediatric thyroid cancer, focusing on salient issues relating to imaging and radionuclide therapy.Recent FindingsThe American College of Radiology recently published its inaugural recommendations for thyroid nodule imaging (TI-RADS). Regarding radionuclide therapy, recent literatu...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Machine Learning in Cardiac CT
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review covers the basic principles of machine learning (ML) and current applications in the subspecialty of cardiac imaging at computed tomography in diagnostic radiology.Recent FindingsThis review covers recent publications for automated image processing, diagnostic and prognostic support, as well as novel integrations of ML into extant imaging applications in advanced cardiac computed tomography. Where available, ML algorithms are compared to current gold standards and descriptions of the nature and value of the advances are described.SummaryMachine learning in clinical imaging is considered...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - August 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging the Spine with Dual-Energy CT
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review article aims to summarize the available literature regarding the utility of Dual-Energy CT (DECT) in spine imaging.Recent FindingsDECT using virtual non-calcium images, virtual monoenergetic images, and material decomposition techniques have shown promise in bone marrow edema visualization associated with vertebral fractures, metallic artifact reduction related to spinal hardware, axial monosodium urate deposit detection, bone marrow composition evaluation, and bone marrow lesion identification. In our experience, DECT may also be an assuring technique in evaluation of disc degeneration...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 12, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
High-Risk Lesions at Minimally Invasive Breast Biopsy: Now What?
AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this section is to provide a detailed review of high-risk lesions and their associated risk of upgrade at surgical excision in order to guide in management and appropriate risk reduction strategies.Recent Findings“High-risk” breast lesions refer to an eclectic group of histologic abnormalities associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Current data show a vast disparity in upgrade rates upon surgical excision for high-risk lesions, which leads to confusing and often conflicting recommendations. There has been suggestion in the media that breast biopsies lead to “over-diagnosis...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 12, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
3D-Printing: Applications in Cardiovascular Imaging
AbstractPurpose of Review
The current state of three-dimensional (3D) printing for cardiovascular applications will be reviewed in this article with a special emphasis placed on recent updates on the use of 3D printing.Recent FindingsCardiovascular imaging has been shown to be beneficial for planning congenital heart, valvular and other structural heart, and vascular disease treatments. 3D printing has seen increased use for education, including procedural simulation which may fundamentally change how proceduralists are trained in the future. 3D bioprinting is an emerging field of 3D printing that has the potential to r...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Cardiac Dual-Energy CT Applications and Clinical Impact
ConclusionDECT leads to more comprehensive and accurate diagnosis of myocardial and coronary disease by providing several ancillary analyses in addition to conventional CT images. However, the application of DECT should continue to be refined and further validated in future studies. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 6, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Anatomical Variants and Pitfalls in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Shoulder that can Simulate Pathology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe investigation of shoulder pain usually includes diagnostic imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used imaging tools. Although MRI has good diagnostic accuracy, pitfalls, anatomical variations, or artifacts in MRI can lead to a false diagnosis or raise concern over findings that do not have clinical significance. This knowledge is important to all radiologists but especially so for the less experienced since it can improve reports, avoiding mistakes that could lead to inappropriate diagnosis and treatment.Recent FindingsThe authors demonstrate with didactic case...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 5, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The Wrist: Athletic TFCC Injuries
AbstractPurpose of Review The purpose of this article is to illustrate MRI examples of acute triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries following the Palmer classification, including subtypes of the acute traumatic injuries originally described. In the discussion of these athletic TFCC injuries, recent studies and references are discussed with regard to implications in diagnosis and treatment. The article also reviews the role of ulnar abutment in degenerative injury to the TFCC and surgical approaches to correction.Recent FindingsRecent findings regarding the role of the TFCC in distal radioulnar joint stability (D...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Coronary CT-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve
This article will educate the reader on the foundations of computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and provide guidance for its appropriate clinical use.Recent FindingsCoronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has high sensitivity and negative predictive value to non-invasively rule out CAD. However, discrimination of ischemia-inducing lesions based on macroscopic anatomy derived from either CCTA or the gold standard for the detection of anatomic stenoses, invasive coronary angiography, is suboptimal. Invasive pressure wire-guided estimation of FFR across coronary stenoses yields reliable functio...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - July 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
