Ultrasound Imaging of the Hand and Wrist: Fundamentals and New Perspectives
Abstract
Purpose of review
Technological advances in musculoskeletal ultrasound, specifically the introduction of high-resolution probes, have helped produce exquisite imaging of the small structures in the hand and wrist allowing ultrasound to rival or surpass MRI for many imaging indications. The superficial nature of the structures in the hand and wrist makes scanning easy once the relevant anatomy is understood, potentially providing a starting point for a growing musculoskeletal ultrasound practice.
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Source: Current Radiology Reports - June 14, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Update on MR Enterography: Potentials and Pitfalls
This article serves to review the role of MR Enterography (MRE) in current clinical practice. Optimal technique is described based on recent consensus guidelines, as well as the potential role of optional and emerging sequences. The value of MRE for assessing patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is highlighted, including diagnosis, disease subtyping, detecting extraintestinal findings, and identifying complications, including particular attention to how these findings may be used for treatment decision-making. We specifically address the advantages and disadvantages of MRE compared to CT Enterography, including r...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - June 13, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Anatomy and Physiology in a Single Non-invasive Test: CTA-derived FFR
Abstract
Purpose of Review
With the development and continued technological advances in regard to computed tomography (CT) platforms, cardiac computed tomography (cCTA) has demonstrated the ability to rapidly and accurately evaluate the coronary arteries for luminal stenosis. However, its strength rests in its negative predictive value. More recently, the application of computational fluid dynamics to standard cCTA datasets has allowed for the calculation of non-invasive fractional flow reserve (FFRCT).
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Source: Current Radiology Reports - June 2, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Brain Injury in the Preterm and Term Neonate
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury results from a complex interplay of maternal and perinatal factors, and can be challenging to diagnose from both clinical and radiologic perspectives. Depending on infant age and severity of insult, various types of brain injury can result. We will discuss the benefits and disadvantages of different imaging modalities: US, CT, MRI, PET, and SPECT. Focusing on MRI, we will discuss special considerations for neonates, including clinical stabilization, technical challenges, and advanced imaging approaches such as ASL, MRS, and SWI. In the remainder of the article, we will rev...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 20, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Pre-operative Evaluation
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cholangiocarcinoma is a primary malignancy of the biliary tree that comprises various anatomic and histologic subtypes. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the various imaging manifestations of cholangiocarcinoma in order to aid clinical radiologists in the diagnosis and classification of the complex malignancy, and to aid clinical colleagues in facilitating proper clinical management.
Recent Findings
Various imaging modalities may aid in t...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 20, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Advanced Analysis Techniques for Intra-cardiac Flow Evaluation from 4D Flow MRI
Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Time-resolved 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging with velocity encoding in three directions (4D Flow) has emerged as a novel MR acquisition technique providing detailed information on flow in the cardiovascular system. In contrast to other clinically available imaging techniques such as echo-Doppler, 4D Flow MRI provides the 3D Flow velocity field within a volumetric region of interest over the cardiac cycle. This work reviews the most recent advances in the development and application of dedicated image analysis techniques for the ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 19, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Planning an MR Suite: What Can Be Done to Ensure MR Safety?
Abstract
In the past decades, various safety measures for magnetic resonance (MR) have been formulated by national and international standardization committees and professional non-standardization groups. These published standards and white papers on MR system safety include architectural installation and design guides for the MR suite, guidelines for MR safety experts, and MR marking practices for items used with MRI. Although the interests of the MR community are represented in documents pertaining to safety requirements for MR site planning, these documents show a lack of agreement among community me...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - May 9, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The Current Status of PSMA PET-CT for Evaluating Biochemical PSA Relapse in Prostate Cancer
This article will review the status of PSMA PET-CT for PSA recurrences following PC treatment. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 25, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MRI –Arthroscopy Correlation of the Hip: A Primer for Radiologists
We present normal arthroscopic hip joint anatomy with magnetic resonance imaging correlation. Using case examples, we demonstrate common central and peripheral compartment pathologies. < /p > (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 21, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MRI–Arthroscopy Correlation of the Hip: A Primer for Radiologists
We present normal arthroscopic hip joint anatomy with magnetic resonance imaging correlation. Using case examples, we demonstrate common central and peripheral compartment pathologies. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 21, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MR Safety Update 2015: Where Do the Risks Come From?
This article reviews published literature mainly from 2015 with regard to these general safety considerations and their interaction with implanted medical devices. Furthermore, an update on regulatory issues will be provided along with an overview of miscellaneous other safety aspects that are related to an MRI exam but do not arise from the technology per se. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 21, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MR Imaging of Acute Abdomen and Pelvis
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although not usually the first diagnostic study in assessment of acute abdominal pain, can offer a radiation-free high tissue-contrast resolution alternative to CT. MRI can be particularly useful in assessment of young or pregnant patients, or patients with renal insufficiency precluding administration of intravenous contrast. In this article, we review MRI appearance of a number of acute abdominal and pelvic processes, including hemorrhage and various ischemic, inflammatory, and infectious conditions. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 19, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
New Concepts in the Imaging of Pediatric Brain Tumors: The Revival of Age-old Real Estate Principles
Abstract
Tumor location and age of the patient are important diagnostic imaging clues in neurooncology. Recently, the value of tumor location analysis has gained significance because of improvements in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental origins and genetic as well as epigenetic features of CNS tumors, especially in children. This knowledge has contributed to the development of the concept of “imaging genomics,” which is based on the recognition that imaging has the potential to translate and validate some of the already existing hypotheses from basic research to the clinical practice and pr...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 18, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Update on Imaging of Ovarian Cancer
Abstract
This review will make familiar with new concepts in ovarian cancer and their impact on radiological practice. Disseminated peritoneal spread and ascites are typical of the most common (70–80 %) cancer type, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Other cancer subtypes differ in origin, precursors, and imaging features. Expert sonography allows excellent risk assessment in adnexal masses. Owing to its high specificity, complementary MRI improves characterization of indeterminate lesions. Major changes in the new FIGO staging classification include fusion of fallopian tube and primary ovarian cancer...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 8, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MRI Post-Processing Methods for Myocardial Infarct Quantification
Abstract
Myocardial infarct (MI) size has been increasingly used as an endpoint in multiple clinical trials and has thus become an important clinical measure. While late gadolinium enhancement MRI is considered the clinical reference standard to detect, characterize, and quantify MI, there is no established universal quantification algorithm that provides reliable MI assessment in every scenario. Efforts have been made to improve the binary threshold-based methods which dichotomize MRI voxels as either healthy or infarcted. Novel algorithms have also been proposed to quantify the actual infarcted tissue...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 6, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
