Current Management of the Splenic Incidentaloma
This article discusses the diagnosis and management of incidentally detected splenic lesions based on recently consensus criteria.SummaryThis review is intended to aid clinical radiologists in the characterization, differentiation and management of incidentally detected splenic lesions. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 19, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Review of Dynamic MRI Defecography
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this study is to review MRI defecography, interpretation, and reporting.Recent FindingsThe multifactorial etiology of pelvic floor dysfunction has led to a variety of treatments with varying degrees of success which are dependent on proper pretreatment diagnosis and characterization. The ability of MRI defecography to identify and characterize isolated or multiple coexistent abnormalities has led to its significantly increased utilization in the diagnosis and successful treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction.SummaryFemale pelvic floor dysfunction constitutes a spectrum of pathologic cond...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 10, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Its Mimickers: A Review of Disease and MRI Findings
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical and imaging findings of primary sclerosing cholangitis and its cholestatic mimickers, with a focus on MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) utilization and other characteristic MRI imaging findings.Recent FindingsPrimary sclerosing cholangitis is a rare idiopathic disease of the liver associated with inflammatory bowel disease which results in damage to the bile ducts and liver parenchyma. Although the etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis is not completely understood, the disorder is thought to be a result of multiple environmental factors. ...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 10, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MRI and Genetic Damage: An Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is generally considered to be a safe imaging technology when compared to diagnostic tools utilizing ionizing radiation. Unlike ionizing radiation, for which the detrimental biological effects, such as DNA damage, are known and well established, the potential of MRI to directly or indirectly induce genetic alterations is still not evident. This review article summarizes recent findings in MRI research related to DNA damage.Recent FindingsApplying different exposure conditions, several studies have examined the potential impact of MRI on DNA. While some authors report...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - April 8, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Dual-Energy CT in Head and Neck Imaging
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo explain the technique of Dual-energy CT (DECT) and highlight its applications and advantages in head and neck radiology.Recent FindingsUsing DECT, additional datasets can be created next to conventional images. In head and neck radiology, three material decomposition algorithms can be used for improved lesion detection and delineation of the tumor. Iodine concentration measurements can aid in differentiating malignant from nonmalignant lymph nodes and benign posttreatment changes from tumor recurrence. Virtual non-calcium images can be used for detection of bone marrow edema. Virtual mono-energe...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 29, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
MDCT Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
This article reviews the CTPA evaluation in PAH, describing CTPA techniques and a systematic approach according to recent classification of PAH. This article also provides multiple examples along with images of real time cases. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 24, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Advanced Lung Cancers: From Suspicion to Diagnosis
This study discusses the issues related to delayed diagnosis and the radiological findings of advanced cancers, with a view to create greater awareness and shorten response time amongst clinicians and radiologists. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - March 22, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging of Pneumonia: An Overview
AbstractPurpose of reviewPneumonia is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in general population. Imaging plays an important role in the management of pneumonia.Recent findingsIn the current era, there has been an increase in the patients with extremes of age, immunocompromised status, underlying lung pathology, post-transplant status, and atypical infections. It is necessary to use cross-sectional imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) due to atypical or non-specific chest radiograph findings in such cases. CT narrows down the differential diagnosis, for etiological agent. It helps in the evaluati...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 23, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
How PET/MR Can Add Value for Children with Cancer
This article lists 10 action points, which might improve the clinical value of PET/MR for children with cancer. However, even if PET/MR proves valuable, it cannot enter mainstream applications if it is not accessible to the majority of pediatric cancer patients. Therefore, innovations are needed to make PET/MR scanners affordable and increase patient throughput.SummaryPET/MR offers opportunities for more efficient, accurate, and safe diagnoses of pediatric cancer patients. The impact on patient management and outcomes has to be substantiated by large-scale prospective clinical trials. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Multi-detector CT in Evaluation of Hemoptysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHemoptysis is an important symptom, which can be potentially life-threatening in some cases. Presence of hemoptysis necessitates a prompt and comprehensive evaluation so as to determine the underlying abnormality in the pulmonary parenchyma and/or thoracic vasculature. This would facilitate initiation of timely and accurate management.Recent FindingsMutli-detector row computed tomographic angiography (MDCT angiography) is a non invasive imaging tool, which provides all-inclusive information about the pulmonary parenchyma, airways and lung vasculature, correctly identifies the cause and site of blee...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 19, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Advances in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging Biomarkers
AbstractPurpose of ReviewImaging diagnosis and prognostication of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains elusive. The goal of this review is to highlight recent advancements in MR imaging biomarkers of mTBI.Recent FindingsSusceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping are more sensitive for microhemorrhages than conventional T2* sequences and may allow semi-automated detection of these lesions. Alterations in fractional anisotropy in mTBI have been well described; however, recent data suggest a time-dependent directionality to these changes. Functional MRI studies have recently re...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 19, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Lobar Pneumonia with Bronchial Narrowing: A Typical Sign of Primary Tuberculosis in Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCommunity-acquired pneumonia is most prevalent in children with less than 5 years of age, and this age group is also at the highest risk for pulmonary tuberculosis.ObjectiveOur objective is to describe bronchial narrowing in chest X-rays, with patients with image of pneumonia, as a typical radiographic sign of primary tuberculosis in children.Materials and MethodsChest radiographic findings of nine patients (five boys and four girls; age range 9 –30 months; mean age 17.6 months) treated for community-acquired pneumonia with no clinical improvement were studied retrospectively.Recent FindingCh...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 14, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Susceptibility-Based Neuroimaging: Standard Methods, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReview MRI neuroimaging techniques which utilize tissue susceptibility.Recent FindingsThe evaluation of neuropathologies using MRI methods that leverage tissue susceptibility have become standard practice, especially to detect blood products or mineralization. Additionally, emerging MRI techniques have the ability to provide new information based on tissue susceptibility properties in a robust and quantitative manner.SummaryThis paper discusses these advanced susceptibility imaging techniques and their clinical applications. (Source: Current Radiology Reports)
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 13, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Wilms Tumor-Follow-up Tailored Abdominal CT Examination
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWilms tumor is the most common renal mass in infancy with peak incidence between 3 and 4 years old. Actual cure rates are around 90%. Current COG recommendations for imaging follow-up after treatment still include abdomino-pelvic CT for the first 18 months in a regimen that totals at least eight follow-up CTs before changing to US examinations. That represents a meaningful radiation exposure in patients who are more susceptible to stochastic effects, due to their low age.Recent FindingsPrevious recent findings indicate that the pelvic segment can be safely excluded from routine follow-up CT exam...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - February 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Fungal Sinusitis: Magnetic Resonance Image Findings on Immunocompromised Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEven though there are latest advances on immunocompromised patient care, the mortality by invasive fungal infection still high. Invasive aspergillosis is one of the main complications during immunosuppression and on hematological malignancy patients, with a mortality varying from 50 to 80%. Imaging studies are fundamental on the evaluation of fungal suspicion, and concerns related to radiation dose on image examinations are high nowadays. Magnetic resonance imaging should be considered on brain and facial sinuses evaluation to reduce radiation exposure.Recent FindingsWhenever fungal material is pre...
Source: Current Radiology Reports - January 31, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
