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Understanding Risk and Recovery in Vocal Fold Paralysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize and critically review recent literature on spontaneous recovery from unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), with emphasis on the time to vocal recovery and its implications for the physiology of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and repair.Recent FindingsAnalyses of the time to spontaneous vocal recovery in UVFP have generated probabilities of recovery that can be used to counsel patients within the first 12 months of the onset of UVFP, replacing the traditional recommendation of waiting 12 months prior to pursuing permanent intervention. In addition, mathematical modeling of the...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 31, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Obstructive Sialadenitis: Stones and Stenoses
This study aimed to discuss the etiology of obstructive sialadenitis, as well as discuss common pathologies and current standards of treatment focusing on gland-preservation techniques.Recent FindingsThe advent of sialendoscopy and associated techniques has allowed for innovative surgical adaptations to allow gland-preservation for complex obstructive pathologies using transoral, endoscopic, and external combined surgical approaches.SummaryObstructive sialadenitis can present a challenging clinical scenario for patients with significant symptoms, especially in the acute setting. The combination of medical management and th...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 30, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Management of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Associated Vestibular Schwannomas
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTreatment of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) associated vestibular schwannomas (VS) can prove challenging because of the various choices, from observation to surgery and radiosurgery with medical treatment opportunities, sometimes within clinical trials.Recent FindingsSome factors direct the treatment decision tree such as size of VS and hearing level. Others factors have to be considered such as patient clinical status, inherited situation, and contralateral VS characteristics. All these factors are detailed, discussed, and weighted in this review. Another essential part of the clinical management ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 25, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Future Considerations and Directions for Thermal Ablative Technologies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo outline future applications of thermal ablation technologies for head and neck pathologies.Recent FindingsThermal ablation technologies are most widely used for benign thyroid disease. However, other potential uses include parathyroid disease, salivary tumors, and papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. The anatomical proximity of critical structures to the thyroid bed raises important issues regarding patient safety and morbidity with thermal ablation techniques for these novel indications and potential maneuvers to minimize risk are also discussed.SummaryWhile benign thyroid lesions offer an excell...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 23, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Outcome Measures and Quality of Life in Vestibular Schwannomas
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes existing vestibular schwannoma (VS) disease-specific and non-disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) tools for quality of life (QoL) and audio-vestibular symptoms, compares QoL across treatment modalities, and discusses the potential role of psychological variables in QoL and recovery after surgical resection of VS.Recent FindingsVS treatment success was previously assessed according to various factors such as the extent of tumor resection, facial nerve function, and hearing preservation. However, the literature demonstrates recent shifts away from using such...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 22, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Balanced Arguments Against RFA in the Neck: a Surgeon ’s Perspective
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and strength between surgery and RFA treatment for thyroid nodule.Recent FindingsSummarize the latest research on your topic.SummaryRFA may be considered a priority as one of several methods that can be easily repeated and safely performed in an outpatient clinic with local anesthesia. However, it is a technology that has not been sufficiently proven so far, and special advantages in terms of safety, cost, and patient convenience have not been identified. (Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports)
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 22, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Pediatric Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPediatric bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) is a rare but impactful diagnosis. Stridor and respiratory distress are common presenting symptoms, often requiring airway intervention. Historically, tracheostomy has been the mainstay of management of BVFP in children, but alternative interventions have more recently been described in an attempt to avoid or minimize the morbidity associated with pediatric tracheostomy. This review aims to summarize current knowledge surrounding etiology, workup, and management options for children with bilateral vocal fold immobility.Recent FindingsThe past several ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 20, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Advances in Facial Reanimation: Management of the Facial Nerve in the Setting of Vestibular Schwannoma
This article focuses on contemporary recommendations for the management of facial palsy in the setting of vestibular schwannoma.Recent FindingsApproximately 5 –15% of patients experience long-term facial palsy following resection of vestibular schwannoma. Facial reanimation should be considered in patients with facial paralysis without evidence of recovery by 6 months post-operatively. Treatment of facial paralysis aims at restoration of facial symmetry and reduction of functional morbidity through wide range of treatment methods, from static procedures and injectable treatments to nerve transfers and regional or free mu...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 20, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Phonosurgery for Adult Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss the optimal surgical management for adult unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Recent FindingsOffice injection laryngoplasty is a relatively easy procedure that provides immediate vocal improvement and may decrease the need for a future surgical intervention. Type 1 thyroplasty, occasionally with arytenoid adduction (AA), is a standard surgery with good vocal outcomes. Non-selective laryngeal reinnervation (NSLR) improves vocal fold tone and possibly achieves superior vocal outcomes compared to thyroplasty in patients under 55 years, but it is a more complex surgery, with no immediate ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 20, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Correction to: Technique and Procedural Aspects of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules
A Correction to this paper has been published:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-021-00329-7 (Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports)
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 20, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Vocal Fold Paralysis and Dysphagia
This article presents a state-of-the-art overview of pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of dysphagia in vocal fold paralysis.Recent FindingsPatients with UVFP report significantly increased dysphagia symptom scores and demonstrate pharyngeal muscle weakness. The risk of dysphagia in UVFP is increased by the inability of the bolus to develop adequate speed or consistency and compromised UES opening. Injection laryngoplasty within 4.5 days of onset of UVFP is associated with decreased incidence of aspiration pneumonia and shortened length of stay. Cough strength increases after injection laryngoplasty in those pati...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 19, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Pediatric Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Workup and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper will examine recent advances in the assessment and management of pediatric unilateral vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI).Recent FindingsUnilateral VFMI can have a considerable impact on pediatric voice, swallowing, and pulmonary hygiene. In addition, postoperative VFMI in children undergoing congenital cardiac procedures is associated with longer lengths of stay. Laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) is an adjunctive tool that can be used to assess vocal fold mobility in patients who cannot tolerate traditional flexible nasolaryngoscopy (FNL) or for those in whom FNL is non-diagnostic. Laryngeal e...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 17, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

The Natural History of Vestibular Schwannoma and When to Intervene
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review and summarize current updates in the epidemiology, natural history, and treatment strategies of vestibular schwannoma (VS).Recent FindingsThe incidence of VS has increased in recent decades, which may be due in part to improved detection but may also be an actual biological shift. Based on our improving understanding of VS ’s natural history, treatment strategy has shifted toward primary observation. Based on several large studies, we can predict which VS are at the greatest risk of growth and which patients are at risk of losing serviceable hearing. Measurement of tumor volume is a new...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 16, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Injection Laryngoplasty and Novel Injectable Materials
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGlottic insufficiency (GI) is most often caused by vocal fold atrophy, immobility, hypomobility, or scar. Injection laryngoplasty (IL), the injection of a filler material into the vocal folds to improve glottic closure, has been used to improve clinical outcomes in patients with GI. This paper will provide a review of contemporary practices and injection materials in IL.Recent FindingsMost ILs are now performed in an office setting, through a per oral, transnasal, or percutaneous approach. Today, most short-term injections are performed using carboxymethylcellulose. Most intermediate injections are...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 16, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease that continues to cause significant morbidity and occupies a disproportionate amount of otolaryngology care relative to its incidence. As there is no cure for the disease process once it has manifested, recent efforts continue to focus on treatment modalities that delay papilloma re-growth.Recent FindingsSystemic bevacizumab has been used off-label in severe cases of juvenile RRP with profound reduction in disease volume; however, it requires maintenance therapy of unknown duration. An international adoption of HPV vaccination has led to ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - February 16, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research