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Olfactory Cleft Polyps: REAH or Glandular Hyperplasia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this paper is to review anatomic and pathophysiologic contributions to the development of polyposis in the olfactory cleft (OC).Recent FindingsThe past decade has seen a growing body of literature demonstrating that ethmoid-derived mucosa in the central compartment (CC) and OC is preferentially involved in a type 2 –mediated inflammatory response to aeroallergens. This mechanism appears to be heavily involved in the polypoid diseases which involve the OC, including respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH), aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and central compa...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 3, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

The Human Perception of Breathing: How Do We Perceive Breathing and Why Surgery Cannot Always Resolve Nasal Congestion
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the human perception of breathing and answer in questions of how do we perceive breathing and why surgery cannot always resolve nasal congestion.Recent FindingsTRPM8 thermoreceptors expressing the majority of trigeminal afferents nerve endings within the nasal mucosa are responsible for human subjective perception of breathing. Human nose seems to sense patency with mechanisms involving localized peak mucosal cooling. A subset of patients after surgery for nasal obstruction suffers from persistent blocked nose, although cli...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 3, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Close to Curtain Time: Management of the Injured Singer in the Acute Setting (In-Office and Backstage Evaluation)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the management of injured singers in the acute setting. This review seeks to answer the question on how to properly evaluate and treat injured singers presenting close to curtain time.Recent FindingsFemales and younger patients are more likely to present with vocal cord nodules, while males and older patients are more likely to present with polyps. The use of short-term glucocorticoid treatment has been found to be safe in singers, having a low incidence of vocal fold hemorrhage (3.6%) and thrush (5.5%), without long-term conseque...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 3, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

In-Office Procedures in the Management of Performance Voice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding procedures offered to adult professional and performance voice users in the office setting. This review expounds on the special factors which need to be considered for those who use their voices at a high level for their occupations.Recent FindingsOffice-based procedures are increasingly prevalent. Steroid injections are increasingly studied for use in lesions of the vocal folds, with generally positive results in both professional voice users and laypersons. 445-nm laser use has become more prevalent and is undergoing furt...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 2, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Vocal Fold Hemorrhage
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes the literature regarding vocal fold hemorrhage (VFH) in singers in order to provide an evidence-based approach to evaluation and treatment.Recent FindingsVFH is a common vocal injury which affects performers at higher frequency than non-performers. It usually resolves satisfactorily with voice rest. The presence of vocal fold varices increases the risk of VFH and especially of recurrence; these may be effectively treated with photoangiolytic lasers when appropriate. When treated appropriately, VFH does not appear to pose significant risk to subjective voice quality, vocal fun...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 2, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Bridging the Gap: Musical and Pedagogical Terms for Voice Care Professionals
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper outlines musical and pedagogical terms to improve communication between the voice team and singer during a medical evaluation.Recent FindingsTerms used in this paper are informed by known current principles of voice production.SummaryVoice science provides a pedagogical framework through five voice systems: respiration, phonation, registration, articulation, and resonance; this same framework creates a bridge between singers and medical voice professionals by providing shared common language and science-informed definitions. (Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports)
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 2, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Direct and Indirect Voice Therapy Approaches for Unloading the Laryngeal Mechanism in Professional Voice Users
The objective of this paper is to describe and synthesize current practices in voice therapy for unloading the laryngeal mechanism in professional voice users with hyperfunctional voice disorders.Recent FindingsProfessional voice users carry an increased risk of hyperfunctional voice disorders due to their high vocal demands. Phonotraumatic (e.g., vocal fold nodules) and non-phonotraumatic (e.g., primary muscle tension dysphonia) manifestations of vocal hyperfunction are associated with excessive and imbalanced muscular activity during phonation, and patients with vocal hyperfunction are typically referred for voice therap...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 29, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Emerging Conflict of Interests for the Rhinologic Surgeon Entrepreneur
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMany rhinologists are inspired thinkers and come up with ideas that have the potential to create novel technology or devices which are worthy of introduction into the commercial arena. There are many ethical, financial, sociological and academic problems which need to be considered in this complex legal arena.Recent FindingsResearch fraud is now an increasing reality which makes investors and colleagues cynical of initial claims of effectiveness. Doctors are also bound by ethical obligations which do not necessarily apply to others in the medical device and therapeutic industry. Whilst individuals ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 28, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Histopathologic Diagnosis of Sinonasal Tumors: Challenges and the Importance of Establishing the Correct Diagnosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSinonasal tumors are a rare and diverse group of neoplasms, each with characteristic clinical behavior and therapeutic implications. Accurate pathologic diagnosis and classification of sinonasal tumors is thus crucial for optimal patient management; however, pathologic assessment of sinonasal tumors can be challenging. Herein, we review the clinical impact of pathologic misdiagnosis of sinonasal tumors and discuss several difficult differential diagnoses in sinonasal tumor pathology that may be particularly prone to misdiagnosis.Recent FindingsA large retrospective study of more than 400 sinonasal ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 27, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Reshaping Otolaryngology Through Workforce Heterogeneity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this article is to serve as a resource for those seeking to identify targets for structural change to advance DEI in otolaryngology.Recent FindingsBest practices exist to advance DEI and can be modeled within otolaryngology.SummaryThe authors focus on medical education pathways, physician workforce heterogeneity, and biomedical research as potential targets for advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion. (Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports)
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 17, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Benign Paranasal Sinus Tumors
This study aims to review the current knowledge on the tumors of the nasal and paranasal sinuses and their clinical presentation.Recent FindingsMost benign tumors have imaging and pathological features, which combined with the patient ’s history and demographic, can help differentiate them from other tumors in the same region.SummaryThis article summarizes the clinical, pathologic, and imaging features of benign tumors in the nasal and paranasal sinuses and their differential diagnoses. Further investigation into these entities may help streamline the diagnostic procedure, protect patients from anxiety, and ensure timely...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 5, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Allyship to Advance Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Otolaryngology: What We Can All Do
AbstractPurpose of reviewTo summarize the current literature on allyship, providing a historical perspective, concept analysis, and practical steps to advance equity, diversity, and inclusion. This review also provides evidence-based tools to foster allyship and identifies potential pitfalls.Recent findingsAllies in healthcare advocate for inclusive and equitable practices that benefit patients, coworkers, and learners. Allyship requires working in solidarity with individuals from underrepresented or historically marginalized groups to promote a sense of belonging and opportunity. New technologies present possibilities and...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Healthcare Disparities in Otolaryngology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize some of the recent research studies on healthcare disparities across various subspecialties within otolaryngology. This review also highlights the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on disparities and proposes potential interventions to mitigate disparities.Recent FindingsSignificant healthcare disparities in care and treatment outcomes have been reported across all areas of otolaryngology. Notable differences in survival, disease recurrence, and overall mortality have been noted based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), insurance status, etc. This is...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - June 8, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Pediatric Dysphagia: Evaluation and Management for Otolaryngologists
AbstractPurpose  of ReviewThe goal of this review is to understand normal swallow physiology in children and how that physiology can be disrupted, to give recommendations for evaluating dysphagia in children, and to summarize important etiologies of dysphagia that can be managed by otolaryngologists.Recent FindingsAlthough prematurity and genetic syndromes predispose children to dysphagia, about ¼ of children referred to otolaryngologists for dysphagia are developmentally normal. Recent research has established that for children, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallow is less sensitive for aspiration compared to video...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - June 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Microaggressions: Awareness, Impact, and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo increase awareness of the importance of microaggressions, their impacts on individuals, and the necessity to respond to them, as well as to provide some tools for how to address them. We also want to invite those who feel that microaggressions do not affect them into the conversation.Recent FindingsExperiencing microaggressions has been linked to elevated cortisol levels, as well as numerous health conditions such as hypertension, pulmonary disease, pain, depression, and suicidal ideation.SummaryThough some microaggressions may seem minor, the effects are significant and associated with health i...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research