Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Metabolic, Radiation, and Medication Induced Sialadenitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will cover clinical presentations for sialadenosis, radiation-related sialadenitis, and medication-induced salivary disorders.Recent FindingsPresentation of metabolic disorder –related sialadenosis or gland enlargement is gradual and progressive without obstructive salivary symptoms. In contrast, radioactive iodine therapy can induce acute and chronic sialadenitis due to salivary gland dysfunction and duct damage with subsequent duct stenosis. Obstructive symptoms assoc iated with fluctuating gland swelling and pain can be treated with sialendoscopy and dilation of the main salivary d...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 31, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Botulinum Toxin for Headache: a Comprehensive Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHeadache disorders are among the most prevalent disorders of mankind. They incur huge costs in terms of disability, days loss to work, and quality of life. In recent years, usage of botulinum toxin (BTX-A) has been extended to the management of various headaches. This review sets out to examine the evidence and role of BTX-A in the different headache disorders.Recent FindingsBTX-A is effective in reducing the frequency of chronic migraine days per month, with statistically significant improvement in quality of life. No difference was seen in patients with episodic migraine. The evidence of BTX-A on...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 24, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Clinical Entities that Mimic Salivary Inflammatory Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSialadenitis due to salivary obstruction is associated with characteristic intermittent pain and swelling of the affected gland. Common etiologies of adult salivary obstruction include salivary duct stones or duct stenosis. However, various pathologic processes can mimic obstructive salivary gland symptoms. This is a case-based review of pathologies that may present similar to the signs and symptoms of salivary obstruction with gland inflammation.Recent FindingsMultiple cases with pathologies mimicking inflammatory salivary gland disease have been reported and described. This review uses a case-bas...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
The Role of Botulinum Toxins in Wound Management and Scar Revision
This article reviews advances focusing on the use of BoTA in wound management and scar revision.Recent FindingsSeveral prospective randomized controlled trials provide evidence that BoTA has a positive effect on wound healing and scar formation. This effect extends beyond its chemodenervative properties to include reducing pro-fibrotic factors and minimizing fibroblast growth and differentiation to better prevent pathological scarring.SummaryBotulinum toxin is a safe and efficacious adjunct to other interventions intended to optimize scar appearance in traumatic or surgical wounds. Questions remain regarding the optimal te...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Applied Anatomy for Botulinum Toxin Injection in Cosmetic Interventions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide the reader with a clear overview of facial anatomy as it relates to injection of botulinum toxin.Recent FindingsThe review suggests the presentation of multiple combinations of facial musculature, with the forehead, glabellar, and nasal base areas as particular areas of variation. Differences in musculature result in different wrinkling patterns; with age, these changes first become apparent in the upper face, particularly in the forehead and glabellar area.SummaryBotulinum toxin is well suited to achieve the optimal outcome: it is popular, safe, and non-invasive and presents with few ad...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
The Therapeutic Use of Botulinum Toxin Injections for Conditions Affecting the Head and Neck
This article presents a summary of the wide range of uses in the laryngeal, pharyngeal, cervical, oromandibular and facial muscles.Recent FindingsAs well as the uses discussed in this article, botulinum toxin has also been used more recently for a newly recognized condition: retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction. The condition and its treatment are discussed.SummaryBotulinum toxin is a safe and generally successful treatment for spasmodic dysphonia, Meige syndrome and oromandibular and cervical dystonia; neurological conditions, such as multiple system atrophy and migraine; and finally the oropharynx, post-laryngectomy, c...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Botulinum Toxin for the Head and Neck: a Review of Common Uses and Recent Trends
We present a narrative summary of the pharmacology and commercial preparations; principles of use; cautions, contraindications and adverse effects; common cosmetic applications; common non-cosmetic applications; and recent cosmetic trends in the use of BoNT type A.SummaryThe cosmetic and non-cosmetic applications of BoNT in the head and neck have rapidly expanded in recent years, with excellent outcomes and considerable demand from patients. It is essential for ENT surgeons to have a good awareness of BoNT and its applications to complement their practices for the benefit of their patients. This narrative review provides a...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Hyperhidrosis and Other Salivary Conditions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this review is to summarise the most up-to-date literature on the application of botulinum toxin in hyperhidrosis and other salivary conditions, including sialorrhea, salivary leak and Frey ’s syndrome. Surgeons performing this procedure should stay updated with the most recent evidence of its effectiveness for appropriate treatment planning and patient consultation.Recent FindingsThe use of botulinum toxin in hyperhidrosis provides symptom relief in most patients, with satisfaction rates of 80 –100% in the majority of patients. Accidental infiltration of local musculature is the mos...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Novel Cosmetic Uses of Botulinum Toxin in the Head and Neck
AbstractPurpose of ReviewInjection of botulinum toxin is the most commonly performed nonsurgical cosmetic procedure worldwide. New applications and formulations of botulinum toxin have become available for clinical use. This review presents recent advancements, applications, and new formulations of botulinum toxin. We also discuss issues regarding brand uniformity, safety, and patient satisfaction.Recent FindingsNovel cosmetic uses for botulinum toxin include the treatment of androgenic alopecia, oily skin, and others. Two new toxin formulations include daxibotulinumtoxinA, with a duration of 6 months, and botulinum toxi...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - August 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Advances in Inner Ear Therapeutics for Hearing Loss in Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHearing loss is a common congenital sensory disorder with various underlying causes. Here, we review and focus on genetic, infectious, and ototoxic causes and recent advances in inner ear therapeutics.Recent FindingsWhile hearing aids and cochlear implantation are the mainstay of treatment for pediatric hearing loss, novel biological therapeutics are being explored. Recent preclinical studies report positive results in viral-mediated gene transfer techniques and surgical approaches to the inner ear for genetic hearing loss. Novel pharmacologic agents, on the other hand, show promising results in re...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 5, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo give an overview of diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms and highlight the contribution of recent literature.Recent FindingsThe newly adapted Milan classification system for cytologic diagnosis provides risk of malignancy and clinical management strategies for parotid neoplasms with high PPV and NPV. Reconstruction for partial parotidectomy and total parotidectomy defects continues to advance toward greater cosmesis and facial symmetry.SummaryNew diagnostic advances will aid in clinical decision making and patient management. Surgically based therapy continues to be favored in bot...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 3, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
The Aging Voice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAge-related dysphonia in the elderly is more common than appreciated because it is an under-reported symptom. Perceptually, the presbyphonic voice is characterized negatively as sounding weak, breathy, tremulous, and unstable. The frequent association with hearing impairment in this group may lead to social isolation and depression, with a significant impact on quality of life. Although several anatomical and physiological alterations are known to contribute to presbyphonia, singing prevents, in large part, many of the perceptual changes. Vocal exercises, with vocal fold augmentation or thyroplasty...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - July 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Recommended Imaging for Salivary Gland Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewImaging modalities useful in the contemporary evaluation of salivary gland disorders are discussed.Recent FindingsSalivary gland ultrasound —due to its wide applicability, versatility, availability, and low cost—is supported as a frontline evaluation and is frequently done as an in-office procedure by the treating surgeon. Contrast-enhanced CT may be as accurate as non-contrast CT in detecting sialolithiasis. Although conventional s ialography (fluoroscopic salivary gland evaluation with ductal dilation and radiocontrast insufflation) was initially designed as a diagnostic procedure, more recen...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - June 24, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Upper Motor Neuron Diseases and Laryngeal Presentations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this manuscript is to review laryngeal manifestations of upper motor neuron disease. A review of the relevant neuroanatomy is performed as well as a description of common laryngeal signs of upper motor neuron disease and the disease entities that cause them.Recent FindingsUpper motor neuron lesions must occur in the brainstem or in the bilateral cerebral hemisphere in order to cause signs and symptoms in the larynx.SummaryThe presence of bilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis with concurrent signs of myoclonus, tremor, rigidity, hyperactive gag reflex, and/or laryngospasm episodes...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - June 17, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
What Is New in Laryngeal Dystonia: Review of Novel Findings of Pathophysiology and Novel Treatment Options
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this review is to present the current literature on pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of laryngeal dystonia.Recent FindingsRecent evidence suggests loss of cortical inhibition, and sensory dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of laryngeal dystonia. New treatments addressing these changes include electrical stimulation for neuromodulation of the larynx, vibrotactile therapy, and sodium oxybate. Preliminary investigations are promising and these may impact the future of care for laryngeal dystonia patients.SummaryThe current literature emphasizes a new under...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - June 14, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
