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Rhinoplasty in Kids: Why, How, and When
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding rhinoplasty and septoplasty in the pediatric population. This review seeks to answer the question of the safety of pediatric septorhinoplasty and long-term outcomes after pediatric septorhinoplasty.Recent FindingsPediatric rhinoplasty and septoplasty are recognized as safe procedures in appropriately selected patients. The Nasal Obstructive Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale was found to be valid and reliable in the pediatric population. There is an increasing trend of performing rhinoplasty in younger adolescents and children...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - May 5, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

AERD: Current Roles for Aspirin Desensitization, Surgery, and Biologic Therapies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review is going to explore the roles of various treatment options for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). There are several treatment options for our AERD patients and the challenging part is choosing the right treatment for the right patient. This manuscript will review the current roles for aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD), surgery, and biologic therapies.Recent FindingsFor some patients, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) followed by ATAD may be the best choice, but there are some with especially recalcitrant disease that just continue to reoccur, and for those patients,...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - April 14, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Management of the Deviated Caudal Septum
This article seeks to educate the reader regarding the prevalence, importance, and techniques to address caudal septal deviation (CSD).Recent FindingsThough techniques to address caudal septal deviation have been around for years, new technology has allowed us to understand the effect of CSD on airflow through the nasal cavity. Modification of previously used surgical techniques has also allowed surgeons to treat CSD with less morbidity and more consistent results.SummaryCaudal septal deviation is a relatively common but difficult to treat cause of nasal obstruction. Roughly one century has passed since Metzenbaum publishe...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - April 12, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Functional and Aesthetic Rhinoplasty
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRhinoplasty is the most common aesthetic and functional plastic surgery performed in the USA. While the facial plastic surgeon can analyze before and after photographs or other objective criteria, success in rhinoplasty is ultimately determined by the patient ’s perception of the surgical outcome. The purpose of this review is to categorize and discuss validated outcome measures for functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty.Recent FindingsPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used as a measure of healthcare quality. In the realm of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, there ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - April 12, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this study is to review the treatment options for recurrent and metastatic human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HPV  + OPSCC).Recent FindingsResearchers are currently investigating novel biomarkers to predict response to immunotherapy as well as innovative treatments to improve patient outcomes, such as tumor vaccines and T-cell therapies.SummaryWhile some patients with R/M HPV  + OPSCC may benefit from surgery and/or radiation, many individuals require systemic therapies, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecular targeted agents, and i...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - April 8, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Does the Butterfly Graft Really Work?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal is to review the current evidence related to the butterfly graft (BG), specifically to address functional and aesthetic comparisons to other frequently used surgical techniques to repair nasal valve compromise.Recent FindingsSeveral clinical reports and cadaveric studies using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have compared the BG to other techniques, demonstrating superior functional outcomes and CFD flow characteristics for the BG, respectively. Recent evidence exists comparing the aesthetic outcomes for the BG to other techniques, demonstrating non-inferiority.SummarySuccessful rhinopl...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Advances in Surgical Treatment of Rhinitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRhinitis is a heterogeneous diagnosis characterized by the presence of several nasal symptoms and it is only when pharmacotherapy fails that surgical treatment is considered. Over the years, multiple surgical techniques and approaches have been proposed to treat these patients. We aim to present a comprehensive literature review of the surgical management of rhinitis, including the most recent techniques and long-term outcome evaluations.Recent FindingsEndoscopic techniques targeting the inferior turbinates, septum, and the parasympathetic neural supply to the nasal mucosa have evolved over the yea...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 30, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Key Points on Functional Rhinoplasty Patient Evaluation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to discuss the key points in the evaluation of patients for functional nasal airway surgery to help optimize outcomes.Recent FindingsDevelopment of the clinical practice guideline for rhinoplasty was a recent effort to guide perioperative care and workup of patients undergoing rhinoplasty. This guideline highlighted the importance of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in evaluating surgical outcomes. There has also been an increase in publications regarding intervention in the pediatric population. Finally, there has been more work into the exact mechanics of nasal...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 30, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Allergy and Immunotherapy During the Pandemic
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize and review recent literature on the role of allergen immunotherapy in the setting of a worldwide pandemic.Recent FindingsAt the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, most elective ambulatory patient care services, including allergen immunotherapy, were suspended. Now with medical practices reopening, allergists must establish plans and protocols for resuming care of allergy patients, including strategies for restarting allergen immunotherapy. While there are no published evidence-based protocols for resuming allergen immunotherapy, limited scientific data and expert opinion suggest that th...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 9, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Immunotherapy Update: What Delivery Techniques Are Available?
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo summarize the different delivery techniques studied for the administration of allergen immunotherapy.Recent FindingsDelivery techniques for allergy immunotherapy have evolved over the last century from primarily subcutaneous immunotherapy to a current mixture of sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy. Sublingual immunotherapy is delivered in aqueous drops or dissolvable tablets. The literature also shows investigations into intralymphatic, transcutaneous, intra-nasal, and inhaled allergy immunotherapy with mixed results.SummaryAllergic rhinitis and allergic asthma patients selected as app...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - March 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

The Laryngeal Manifestations of Allergic Sensitization: a Current Literature Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe effect of allergic sensitization on the larynx has not been clearly elucidated. Thus, allergic laryngitis has not been well established as its own entity. It has been difficult to differentiate from other laryngeal disorders such as laryngopharyngeal reflux due to overlap in symptoms and non-specific exam findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the current literature related to allergic laryngitis, including proposed mechanisms of action and the current associations between atopy and dysphonia.Recent FindingsAnimal and human studies have found that laryngeal mucosa has ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - February 24, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction, Eosinophilic Otitis Media, Endolymphatic Hydrops, and the Role of Allergic Rhinitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize and review current evidence supporting the relationship between allergies and eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), eosinophilic otitis media (EOM), and endolymphatic hydrops (Meniere ’s Disease).Recent FindingsA unified airway model used to link the middle ear mucosa with nasal mucosa implicates mucosal and inner ear inflammation as a possible mechanism of otologic symptoms in allergy.SummaryAllergic disease may play a role in ETD, EOM, and endolymphatic hydrops. Continued collaborative efforts are needed to elucidate the local and systemic allergic mechanisms contributing to otologic ...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - February 23, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Mixed and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Otosclerosis: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOtosclerosis can lead to mixed or rarely pure sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Herein, we review the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of mixed hearing loss in otosclerosis, often termed “cochlear otosclerosis.”Recent FindingsHistopathological studies of human temporal bones demonstrate that extension of otosclerotic foci to the cochlear endosteum, which leads to hyalinization of the spiral ligament and upregulation of TGF ß-1, is associated with mixed hearing loss. Peri-cochlear extension of otosclerosis can be assessed in life via computed tomography imaging. In small retrospectiv...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - February 12, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling as an Objective Analytical Tool for Nasal/Upper Airway Breathing
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare yet debilitating disease that has been associated with aggressive removal of the inferior turbinate region in which patients report paradoxical symptoms of nasal obstruction and suffocation. The purpose of this review is to identify the mechanisms driving symptoms of ENS in patients to better alleviate them.Recent FindingsRecent studies have shown that patients with ENS have a characteristic “jet stream” of air that flows through the middle meatus when compared to healthy controls who have a dispersed pattern of airflow through all three meatae.SummaryHere, w...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - February 10, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Strategies in HPV-Related Head-and-Neck Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHerein, we review current evidence and future directions of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in HPV-related head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by describing published data and ongoing clinical trials.Recent FindingsAlthough HNSCCs have shown response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic disease, a limited number of patients benefit from this treatment. There is an expanding interest in clarifying the clinical benefit of immunotherapy in earlier stage disease setting including at initial presentation. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for HPV-related HNSCCs represents a rational appro...
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - January 30, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research