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The Argument For and Against the Use of Multichannel Urodynamics in the Assessment of Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProstate cancer is a common male malignancy. Radical prostatectomy is a common treatment option in patients with localised disease. Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is not uncommon, with a significant impact on the quality of life. However, it is often under-reported and undertreated. There are no standard international guidelines specifically for investigation and diagnosis of PPI. The routine use of urodynamic studies (UDS), with an attempt to assess urinary incontinence aetiology and to predict success prior to invasive surgical treatment, has been widely adopted but remains controversial.R...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - July 4, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Management of Incontinence After Orthotopic Bladder Substitution Post-Radical Cystectomy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIncontinence after orthotopic bladder substitution (OBS) post-radical cystectomy can be devastating for the patient and its treatment a challenge for the physician. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the available evidence on treatment options for incontinence after OBS and to facilitate deciding on treatment strategies.Recent FindingsDespite good continence rates after OBS, incontinence remains an issue and treatment poses a challenge for which limited evidence exists.SummaryTreatment of incontinence therapy after orthotopic bladder substitution (OBS) post-radical cystectomy current...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - July 2, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Physical Activity and Stress Incontinence in Women
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to discuss the current literature addressing associations between physical activity and stress urinary incontinence in women.Recent FindingsMultiple cross-sectional studies utilize survey questionnaires to determine prevalence of stress urinary incontinence, impact of various types and intensities of physical activity on stress urinary incontinence, and explain differences in urinary symptoms among active women.SummaryAlthough there is evidence for increased rates of stress incontinence among women who are physically active, pathophysiology is not fully understood and there is a ne...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 30, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The Role of Estrogen Status in the Causation of Female Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we aim to examine current literature focused on the effects of estrogen in causing conditions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, recurrent urinary tract infections, pelvic organ prolapse, and anorectal dysfunction.Recent FindingsSmall studies have confirmed the role of local estrogen therapy in the treatment of overactive bladder and recurrent urinary tract infection.SummaryAlthough well recognized that the female lower urinary tract and pelvic floor are estrogen responsive, there is paucity in the role of estrogen status in causing such conditions. (Source: Current B...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 28, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Outcomes of Bladder Preservation Following Treatment for Rhabdomyosarcoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGenitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a relatively uncommon pediatric urologic oncologic condition with significant implications for both short- and long-term bladder functions. It is important for both pediatric and adult urologists to be aware of the pathophysiology, treatment, and long-term prognosis of this tumor and its potential impact on bladder function in both pediatric and adult survivors.Recent FindingsAbnormalities in bladder function may arise secondary to surgical or medical management. Typical presenting complaints include lower urinary tract symptoms, which may be more common in p...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 27, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Intraoperative Tips and Tricks for Successful Sacral Neuromodulation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for refractory overactive bladder, non-obstructive urinary retention, and fecal incontinence. Although the treatment is 80% successful, optimal outcomes over time are achieved only by applying precise surgical technique. In this review, we will present the surgical technique for optimal SNM documented in the literature, as well as provide tips for ideal placement based on the authors ’ experience.Recent FindingsThe technique of SNM placement has greatly evolved over the last 10  years with the routine use of fluoroscopy a...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 27, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Patient Education for Overactive Bladder in the Digital Era
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo encourage clinicians to offer appropriate electronic resources to patients with overactive bladder (OAB) and to aid them in deciphering the quality of available online information.Recent FindingsPatients are turning to the Internet, including social media sites and podcasts, for further education on their medical conditions. Mobile medical applications also have a role in patient education, symptom management, and treatment. Internet-based interventions using behavioral changes may be a suitable option for patients. However, many resources on the Internet are not validated so physicians are stro...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 25, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Concurrent Repair of Stress Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Impact on Surgical Outcomes and Additional Considerations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence are highly prevalent conditions and may occur simultaneously. As such, surgical repairs for both conditions may be performed concurrently. The aim of this review is to discuss the literature reporting on efficacy and safety outcomes of concurrent surgery, as well as additional considerations for performing combined repairs.Recent FindingsThere is limited data focused on the potential impact of concurrent surgery on incontinence or prolapse outcomes. Generally, the majority of data suggest that performing concomitant repairs has little impact on ...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 20, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Sling Procedures for Post Prostatectomy Incontinence: What Devices Are Out There? and What Are Their Results?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWith increasing rates of radical prostatectomy, post prostatectomy incontinence represents a growing challenge for urologists. The artificial urinary sphincter is a highly effective treatment but is invasive, expensive and associated with mechanical failure. Over the past two decades, a plethora of minimally invasive sling devices to treat post prostatectomy incontinence have become available. This review aims to describe the various male slings available and the evidence supporting their use.Recent FindingsVarious sling devices are available, each with limited generally low quality evidence report...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 15, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: a Literature Review of NIH III Prostatitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review seeks to review up to date literature surrounding the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) to provide an overview of the subject. The review includes current understandings of the syndrome, the use of UPOINT, novel treatment strategies and future targets for management.Recent FindingsUsing the US National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index helps clinicians to monitor prostatitis symptoms, whilst using UPOINT as guidance of therapies based on patient phenotype(s) has advanced our ability to treat patients suffering with CP/CPPS. Furthermore, novel...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 9, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The Current Role of Botox in a Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder Condition
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe neurogenic bladder is a medical term that describes a variety of bladder and sphincter dysfunctions. There are two major dangerous functional problems in a child with neurogenic bladder: high intravesical pressure in the storage phase and high pressure during urination. Two basic goals for urologic treatment in those children are protection of urinary tract from complications and improvement of continence in older children. This review focuses on the current role of botulinum toxin treatment in children with neurogenic bladder.Recent FindingsAt the beginning, treatment in this group of children...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 8, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

New Diagnostics for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a common constellation of symptoms that affect the aging male population with an astonishing prevalence. New technology and new uses of established technology are being used to help further evaluate LUTS in the male population and help guide treatment options. This review focuses on the developments and future directions in diagnostic modalities for evaluation of male LUTS, focusing on evaluation of both the filling and voiding phases of micturition.Recent FindingsNew techniques in evaluating the voiding phase include penile cuff test, external pressure-sensi...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 2, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Molecular Characteristics of Underactive Bladder
This article reviews recent researches on the pathophysiology and molecular characteristics of UAB. Neurogenic, myogenic, urotheliogenic, bladder outlet, and psychogenic factors might all contribute to UAB. Comprehensive clinical investigations and basic researches may provide a better understanding and effective treatment for this common but difficult bladder disorder. (Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports)
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 1, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Primary and Secondary Tethered Cord and Association with Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTethered cord syndrome (TCS) due to adhesion defect of the spinal cord is one of the major causes of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in children. The aim of this article is to evaluate the association, diagnosis, and treatment of TCS with LUT disorders in children.Recent FindingsTCS is divided into two groups as primary and secondary depending on whether it is congenital or acquired. TCS can manifest with gait disturbance, pain, orthopedic deformities, and LUT symptoms. LUT symptoms may be the only symptom in some cases. TCS may cause neurogenic LUTD characterized by detrusor sphincter dyssy...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - April 30, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Mathematical Modeling and Uroflow-Based Nomograms in Voiding Dysfunction Evaluation: Ready for Prime Time?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we will describe the interest and role of mathematical modeling and uroflow-based nomograms in voiding dysfunction evaluation.Recent FindingsDue to the time-consuming character of implementation and use, mathematical models are now used to build “numerized nomograms.” These have the advantage over nomograms to allow the study of systems with more than two parameters. While at early stages, assessment of bladder outlet obstruction using nomograms has been initiated in men, and recently, an interesting nomogram has been developed in women .SummaryMathematical modeling and uroflow-...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - April 28, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research