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Ketamine-Associated Bladder Dysfunction —a Review of the Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to study the epidemiology, presentation, pathogenesis and management of ketamine cystitis and its complications.Recent FindingsRecent data suggest that the toxicity of ketamine can be due to direct cytotoxicity, independent of a NMDA receptor-mediated mechanism. Bladder barrier dysfunction, neurogenic inflammation with abnormal neurotransmission and immunological mechanisms have also been proposed, based on data from animal models and in vitro studies. Effects on the bladder are dependent on the dose and duration of ketamine use. Clinical studies have showed that the m...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 5, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

New Concepts in Bladder Sensation and Urinary Urgency
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the evaluation and measurement of urinary urgency and bladder sensation.Recent FindingsNew technologies have been developed to improve our diagnostic capabilities in urinary urgency and bladder sensation. Recent developments include MRI-based neuroimaging and novel tablet-based sensation meters that can be used during urodynamics as well as during oral hydration.SummaryCommonly used metrics for urinary urgency and bladder sensation include the use of validated surveys/void diaries and standardized verbal sensory thr...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 5, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of neurogenic SUI in the female patient, examine the evidence supporting surgical and non-surgical treatment options, and outline our recommendations for the care of this population.Recent FindingsAFPVS appears to be more efficacious than MUS for this group; however, almost all patients will require self-catheterization after surgery. MUS have a higher probability of maintaining spontaneous voiding but also care the risk mesh complications and higher failure rates. Bladder neck AUS placement may also be considered, but most studies show h...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - June 4, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Prostate Artery Embolization: Current Status 2018
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProstate artery embolization (PAE) is a promising new treatment option for men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our goal is to review the data on PAE with regard to outcomes, risks versus benefits, and safety.Recent FindingsCurrent data suggests that PAE is safe and effective for men with symptomatic BPH. The two most robust randomized controlled trials comparing PAE with TURP both found comparable short-term results with regard to improvements in symptoms. However, the side effects of PAE were higher than those of TURP. There remain ongoing randomized controlled trials comparin...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 30, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Effects of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on the Bladder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo assess how pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and treatment affect bladder function.Recent FindingsThere is significant overlap between POP and bladder symptoms, including urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. POP may result in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to urethral kinking, which may result in overactive bladder (OAB), dysfunctional voiding, and occult or de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Improvements in obstructive symptoms and dysfunctional voiding after POP surgery suggest that pelvic floor reconstruction restores pelvic floor anatomic structure and function. Further...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 30, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research