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Neuromodulation for Treatment of Refractory Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Children: an Overview
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will address current literature on electrical nerve stimulation in the pediatric population for the treatment of non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms. The following therapies will be discussed: parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TCPTNS), and implantable sacral neuromodulation.Recent FindingsThus far, all studies have demonstrated safety similar to the adult population. Although few studies have been performed in children, TENS and TCPTNS have favorable enough results to justify offering as treatment fo...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 24, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Catheter Use in Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction —Can Shared Decision-Making Help Us Serve Our Patients Better?
The objective of this review is to look at important factors that influence the patient experience with catheters, and how shared decision-making may be used to improve the catheter experiences among people living with neurologic disease.Recent FindingsWhen patients consider single-use versus reuse catheters, the issues of urinary infections, cleaning, preparation and storage, and social responsibility are major themes. When spinal cord injury patients consider surgical bladder reconstruction, the burden of recurrent symptoms/complications and achieving greater independence were frequently discussed. Systematic reviews hav...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 24, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: a Contemporary Review
Abstract Purpose of ReviewThis review will summarize the recent evidence and practice essentials regarding asymptomatic bacteriuria in different populations.Recent FindingsThe current evidence suggests that routine screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in various populations are not recommended with exception of some selected populations. There is mixed data on role of screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteria in pregnant women, and recent recipients of kidney transplant.SummaryAsymptomatic bacteriuria is widely common among different populations. In most conditions, treatment of symptomatic bacteri...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 24, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Management of Acute Cystitis in the Era of COVID-19
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNo specific guidelines have been developed for acute cystitis management during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to provide up-to-date information about treatment and follow-up in patients with symptoms suggesting lower urinary tract infection.Recent FindingsUncomplicated cystitis does not need microbiological confirmation; thus, clinical diagnosis via telephone interview or questionnaires may be done. When complicated infections are suspected, in-person evaluation or close follow-up is mandatory. Antibiotic treatment is still the gold standard for treatment, although non-pharmacological str...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 22, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Methods for Evaluating Renal Function in Patients with Neurogenic Bladder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPreventing kidney injury is a crucial part of caring for patients with spina bifida (SB). The purpose of our review is to evaluate and present the current literature on assessing kidney function in patients with SB.Recent FindingsSignificant variability exists in how kidney abnormality is defined in the literature on patients with SB. Numerous centers of excellence in SB care within the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry lack concordance on kidney function surveillance strategies.Although there are various recently updated guidelines on the management of patients with SB, there is a lack of con...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 19, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Social Disparities in the Diagnosis and Care of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo critically evaluate the recent literature on the impact of social disparities on the diagnosis and treatment in the care of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).Recent FindingsUnderstanding the impact of racial and social disparities in patients with LUTD has recently been an area of great interest. Global patient diversity is steadily increasing. Studies investigating the links between socio-economic status (SES) and other cultural factors are becoming ubiquitous in urologic research. Due to increased reporting, the relationships between racial and social disparities and their influence on LU...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 19, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Voiding Dysfunction in Transitional Urology Patients: Common Issues and Management Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an overview of the literature pertaining to voiding dysfunction in the transitional urology patient population. Specific note is made of Spina Bifida, Posterior Urethral Valves, Prune Belly Syndrome, and Bladder Exstrophy, as well as acquired conditions such as spinal cord injury and sequelae of childhood malignancy treatment.Recent FindingsThere are some recently published trials that have attempted to rationalise the assessment and management of this population of patients. These range from longitudinal studies to some randomised control trials, and some remain opinion-based articles o...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 12, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The Role of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter: Current Status and Future Innovations
Abstract  Purpose of ReviewThe artificial urinary sphincter has remained the gold standard treatment for male stress urinary incontinence since its first iteration by American Medical Systems in 1972. It is the treatment of choice for moderate to severe incontinence, as well as post-radiation incontinence. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of male stress incontinence, as well as the indications and outcomes for artificial urinary sphincter implantation, remains integral to a discussion of sphincter technology.Recent FindingsWhile the basic artificial urinary sphincter mechanism has not changed in decades, burgeonin...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - November 9, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Patient-Centered Goals for Treatment of Pelvic Floor Disorders
AbstractPurpose of reviewTo review the current literature on patient centered goals for the treatment of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs).Recent findingsPatients have a poor understanding of their PFDs, regardless if they had prior PFD treatments or received counseling, emphasizing the need for improved education from healthcare providers. Understanding the patient perspective provides insights into identifying patient goals, which facilitates communication and allows for tailored counseling, management of expectations, and assessment of treatment response. Functional outcomes are consistently important to patients, often lis...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - October 14, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Patients with Congenital Genitourinary Conditions
This study is not a clinical trial and thus does not warrant registration as such. (Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports)
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - September 29, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Allograft Pubovaginal Slings: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewStress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is the most common form of urinary incontinence and can be treated with different surgical procedures. As a sling procedure, the materials used are synthetic in midurethral sling (MUS) and non-synthetic tissue in pubovaginal sling (PVS): autografts (autologous), allografts, and xenografts. Cadaveric fascia (CAF) has been offered as an autograft substitute for years despite higher costs and unknown long-term outcomes. Herein, we review the use of allograft PVS in terms of overall efficacy to date. A literature search was performed with PRISMA through PubMed...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 23, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Female Urethral Diverticula: a Contemporary Narrative Review of Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo perform a contemporary review of the current literature on female urethral diverticula (UD) relating to aetiology and pathophysiology, classification, diagnostic evaluation and treatment.Recent FindingsA search of the Medline/PubMed electronic database was performed up to January 2022. Further studies were chosen on the basis of manual searches of reference lists and review papers. The new EAU non-neurogenic female LUTS guideline has been used as the basis for this review. A further up-to-date search has been carried out to update the evidence.SummaryThere are no high quality trials. The evidenc...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 16, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Sphincteric Injection of Botulinum Toxin for Urinary Retention due to Neurogenic Bladder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe summarized current available literature on botulinum toxin injections into the urethral sphincter for patients with neurogenic bladder, including procedural technique, clinical outcomes, predictors of success and failure, adverse effects, and alternative treatments.FindingsAfter injection into the urethral sphincter, botulinum toxin can induce a temporary flaccid paralysis of the sphincter and facilitate bladder emptying. In men, this is performed via a cystoscopic or transperineal approach and in women, via a periurethral technique. Typically, doses of 100 units of onabotulinumtoxin A are admin...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 13, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Defining Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Women
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of the definition of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in females and guidance on the diagnostic work-up of this condition.Recent FindingsOur understanding of female BOO is continuing to evolve. Urodynamics and fluoroscopy can aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Several new definitions of BOO in females have been studied and provide more clarity for female BOO. However, no one definition has proved to be superior. Therefore, there is no replacement for looking at the entire clinical picture including patient history, examinati...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 11, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

NIRS: Past, Present, and Future in Functional Urology
This article reviews the use of NIRS for the non-invasive assessment of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Applications include assessment of bladder outlet obstruction, overactive and underactive bladder, neurogenic LUTD, pediatric LUTD, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, and pelvic floor dysfunction. In addition, the article describes how NIRS is elucidating more about the brain-bladder connection. Technological advancements enabling these applications are also discussed.Recent FindingsWhile evidence exists for the application of NIRS throughout a wide range of LUTD, most of these studies are limited by sm...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 11, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research