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Management of Elevated Post-Void Residual Volume
AbstractPurpose of ReviewElevated post-void residual volume (ePVR) also known as chronic urinary retention (CUR) is a chronic condition of incomplete bladder emptying in the absence of pain or discomfort. ePVR may be secondary to several etiologies: obstructive, neurogenic, vascular, myogenic, or a combination of these. It can be further divided into symptomatic (e.g., accompanied with lower urinary tract symptoms), or asymptomatic. In this article, we sought to review the literature regarding definition of ePVR, etiology, clinical significance, initial assessment, treatment, and follow-up.Recent FindingsWe performed a sys...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - September 9, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Cutaneous Vesicostomy: Patient Selection, Techniques, Outcomes, and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will examine the current literature regarding cutaneous vesicostomy use in the pediatric population. We will discuss the various indications for vesicostomy, currently used surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes pertinent to each population.Recent FindingsThe literature on pediatric vesicostomy is sparse and largely limited to retrospective series. The procedure plays a role in a variety of diagnoses, further making the vesicostomy population heterogeneous and the data difficult to interpret. However, vesicostomy has undeniably been shown to provide rapid and reliable bladder draina...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 31, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Impact of Overactive Bladder on Quality of Life for Cancer Survivors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOveractive bladder (OAB), defined as urinary urgency and frequency, often associated with urgency urinary incontinence, can present debilitating symptoms after cancer therapies. Herein, we examine associations between various malignancies and their treatments in the context of the impact of OAB symptoms.Recent FindingsDevelopment and impact of bladder storage symptoms including urgency incontinence following treatment of cancers of the bladder, prostate, female reproductive organs, and even breast cancer have been demonstrated in contemporary cross-sectional studies and systematic reviews. Bladder ...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 24, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The Intersection of Female Sexual Function and Overactive Bladder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we discuss the available literature regarding the intersection of female sexual function and overactive bladder (OAB). Specifically, this review includes how OAB and its treatments affect female sexual function and quality of life.Recent FindingsWomen suffering from overactive bladder have worse sexual function, and there are multiple prospective studies evaluating sexual function before and after overactive bladder treatment.SummaryThere is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that traditional overactive bladder treatments not only improve OAB but can also improve sexual functi...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 19, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The Role of Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Bladder Dysfunction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize current literature related to the pediatric physical therapist ’s role in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Common intervention strategies include standard urotherapy (SU), biofeedback (BF), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), interferential (IF) electrical stimulation, group therapy/voiding school, and pelvic floor phys ical therapy (PFPT).Recent FindingsSU is considered the gold standard, first-line treatment for children with LUTD and should be initiated by the child ’s primary care provider or urologist. Pelvi...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 19, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Impact of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction on Bowel Symptoms
AbstractPurpose of reviewIn this review, the current literature available to patients and providers regarding neurogenic bowel dysfunction as it relates to the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction will be addressed. Topics include the common pathophysiologic pathways, and the management of fecal incontinence and constipation that can occur simultaneously with urinary incontinence or retention, or which may result from the treatment of urinary incontinence or retention.Recent findingsThe availability of newer pharmacotherapeutics, and the adoption of chemodenervation, nerve stimulation and neuromodulation has added t...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 10, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Overactive Bladder Medication Prescribing Trends in the Era of Known Cognitive Effects from Anticholinergic Drugs
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review recent global trends in the prescribing of anticholinergic medications for overactive bladder (OAB) and the potential impact of cognitive side effect concerns on prescription patterns.Recent FindingsThe utilization of anticholinergic medications for OAB has been a topic of concern due to their potential to cause cognitive impairment and other adverse effects, particularly in older adults. Recent data suggests a global decrease in their use, potentially due to increased awareness of their cognitive risks among healthcare professionals. The decrease in OAB anticholinergic use has been facil...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - August 4, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Assessment of OAB Education for Urologic Trainees
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOveractive bladder (OAB) carries significant physical, psychological, and financial burdens. Urologic trainees are expected to be proficient in the knowledge and management of these patients. Despite required curricula and high board examination pass rates, OAB patient dissatisfaction ranges from 25 to 40%. The goal of this review is to summarize trainee education and resources available for learning about OAB management.Recent FindingsNo standardized format for educating trainees despite the required curricula. Assessments are made by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) mi...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - July 28, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Management of Vaginal Prolapse After Orthotopic Bladder
AbstractPurpose of reviewPelvic organ prolapse is a well-understood clinical condition in many women that can lead to pelvic discomfort, sexual dysfunction, and voiding difficulty. Iatrogenic pelvic organ prolapse is a known complication of radical cystectomy with urinary diversion in women. The prevention, diagnosis, and management of this complication are not well described in literature and practice, creating a gap in the surgical care of women with bladder cancer. We sought to further investigate this phenomenon.Recent findingsWhile many causes of post-cystectomy pelvic organ prolapse are the same as those in the gener...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - July 24, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Neuromodulation Following Spinal Cord Injury for Restoration of Bladder and Erectile Function
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNeuromodulation for the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder has been well recognized, but its expanded use in the neurogenic bladder population such as spinal cord injury patients is less established. Understanding the history of neuromodulation and its current use in spinal cord injury patients allows the future development of neuromodulation as a tool to improve not only neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction but also general pelvic floor dysfunction in SCI patients.Recent FindingsInnovations in neuromodulation for restoration of bladder and erectile function in spinal cord injury pati...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - July 21, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Risks of Bladder Cancer in Patients with Childhood Augmentation or Chronic Catheters for Neurogenic Bladder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAs patients with spina bifida are living longer, more long-term outcomes are being reported. Today, the conversation surrounding neurogenic bladder care has evolved from reducing mortality to enhancing quality of life, namely, reducing urinary incontinence while still preserving upper tract function. In this paper, we seek to review risks of bladder malignancy in neurogenic bladder patients with history of augmentation or chronic catheters.Recent FindingsRecent data has demonstrated that cancers in bladders with prior augmentation or chronic catheters tend to be advanced, aggressive, and occur at a...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - May 13, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Mechanisms of Action for Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction — State of the Art
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiabetes (DM) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), known as diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD). The phenotype for DBD is described in the literature with considerable heterogeneity and includes poor sensation, increased compliance, detrusor underactivity, urinary retention, weak stream, hesitancy, but also urgency incontinence, and, for many, detrusor overactivity. Progress has been made in understanding DBD, yet a unified phenotype or classification system for DBD remains elusive. Much remains unknown about the underlying mechanisms.Recent FindingsNo classification scheme to p...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - April 20, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Genetic, Genomic, and Heritable Components of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWhile BPH, and the complications that follow, represents the largest cause of urologic suffering both in the USA and globally, the underlying causes remain unknown. As the age of the population grows and providers dwindle, better understanding, treatments and prevention of this disease process are critical. Multiple lines of research have suggested a genetic or genomic component, and we have summarized the recent findings and avenues for future exploration.Recent FindingsMicro-RNAs are a relatively newly found class of genetic modulators that are intimately integrated with cellular function, and a ...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - April 20, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Moses Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (MoLEP): Use of Pulse Modulated Holmium Laser Technology for Prostate Enucleation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, the current literature available that evaluates the use of Moses pulse-modulated holmium technology for laser enucleation of the prostate will be addressed. Topics include safety and surgical case efficiency, length of post-operative foley catheter and hospital stay, surgical outcomes, and areas of future research.Recent FindingsSome early retrospective studies and select randomized control trials seek to determine if novel laser technologies can improve peri-operative outcome measures or reduce the morbidity of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate while maintaining or improving t...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - April 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Global Differences in Management of Neurogenic Bladder: Indian Perspective
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe term neurogenic bladder (NGB) generally used for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) refers to storage and/or voiding dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, in patients after a neurological illness. The aim of management of NGB is to preserve renal function, achieving effective bladder emptying, urinary continence, and improving overall QOL. This is possible with detailed history taking, physical examination, relevant investigations, patient education, and an agreed treatment plan and a regular follow-up. Currently in India, there are no guidelines available for management of NG...
Source: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports - March 28, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research