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A preliminary study on the effect of loaded and unloaded exercise on N-propeptide of type II collagen and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein activity of articular cartilage in healthy young adults
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The serum concentration of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is considered a mechanosensitive biomarker of articular cartilage turnover, and N-propeptide of type II collagen (PIIANP), a proposed biomarker of type II collagen synthesis. Few studies have investigated the anabolic and turnover response of articular cartilage in response to acute changes in body mass during exercise. Using a repeated measure cross-over design, 15 healthy adults (age 18 –30 years) performed three 30 min bouts of treadmill walking exercise under three loading conditio...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - August 9, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Bruna Mavignier de Vasconcelos Jason D. Peeler Trisha Scribbans Stephen M. Cornish Source Type: research

Serum osmolality measured in fingertip capillary blood is comparable to serum osmolality measured in venous blood
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Blood osmolality is considered the gold standard hydration assessment, but has limited application for technical and invasive reasons. Paired antecubital-venous blood and fingertip-capillary blood were collected pre- and 30  min post-drinking 600 mL water in 55 male/female participants. No bias (0.2 mOsmo/kg, limits of agreement = −2.5 to 2.8 mOsmo/kg) was found between sampling methods, with high linear correlation (Spearman’s r = 0.95, P <  0.001). Capillary blood sampling offers an accurate less-invasive method for determining serum osmolality t...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - August 8, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: K. Bergin-Taylor M.P. Funnell R.A. Ferguson S.A. Mears L.J. James Source Type: research

Skeletal muscle-focused guideline development: hierarchical model incorporating muscle form, function, and clinical outcomes
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, malnutrition, and cachexia clinical guidelines were created by expert consensus over the past decade. These pathological states all share in common deficits in skeletal muscle mass, and in some cases muscle function, which adversely impact patient outcomes. Early identification is key as some detrimental outcomes are potentially preventable with available treatments. The four guidelines share common design features: patients suspected of having the condition are first screened with a focused clinical history; if positive, the nex...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Steven B. Heymsfield Carla M. Prado Maria Cristina Gonzalez Source Type: research

Does a history of childbirth impact injury prevalence and mental health in female military members?
This study aims to identify whether a history of childbirth and pregnancy-related complications are associated with MSKi occurrence among female members of the CAF. From September 2020 to February 2021, data were collected via an online questionnaire that assessed MSKi, reproductive health, and barriers to recruitment and retention in the CAF. Actively serving, female members were included in this analysis stratified by parous (n  = 313) or nulliparous (n = 435) status. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regressions were used to identify prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of repetitive strain injuries (RSI...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 10, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Chris M. Edwards Émilie Miller Danilo F. da Silva Jessica L. Puranda Sara C.S. Souza Kevin Semeniuk Kristi B. Adamo Source Type: research

Higher habitual lying time is inversely associated with vagal-related heart rate variability outcomes in younger adults
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a well-established noninvasive marker of autonomic cardiac control. We test whether time spent sitting (negatively) versus lying (positively) influences vagal HRV outcomes. HRV (10 min supine electrocardiogram) and free-living postures (dual-accelerometer configuration, 7 days) were measured in 31 young healthy adults (15 ♀, age: 23 ± 3 years). Habitual lying (66 ± 61 min/day), but not sitting time (558 ± 109 min/day), total sedentary time (623 ± 132 min/day), nor step counts (10 752 ± 3200 steps/day; all, p &...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 10, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Myles W. O'Brien Beverly D. Schwartz Madeline E. Shivgulam W. Seth Daley Ryan J. Frayne Derek S. Kimmerly Source Type: research

Possible ameliorative role of Spirulina platensis on coagulation factors, lymphocytopenia, and malnutrition in ICU patients with COVID-19
This study was registered at ISRCTN as IRCT20200720048139N1. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 10, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Monireh Hatami Mansooreh Sadat Mojani-Qomi Zeinab Javid Mohsen Taghavi Hooman Bakhshandeh Davood Sanaei Delir Zavaragh Fatemeh Mikaniki Mojgan Nazari Seyed Ahmad Seyedmehdi Jamal Rahmani Mehdi Norouzi Mahdi Shadnoush Source Type: research

Correction: Aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort training programs: an intense continuous and a high-intensity interval
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 4, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Aristides Myrkos Ilias Smilios Andreas Zafeiridis Maria-Eleni Kokkinou Apostolos Tzoumanis Helen Douda Source Type: research

How does Canada ’s new vitamin D fortification policy affect the high prevalence of inadequate intake of the vitamin?
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Health Canada ’s new vitamin D fortification policy intends to promote bone health and reduce inadequacies by essentially doubling the mandatory fortification in margarine and cow’s milk. Using 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey data, we modelled the population-level impact of this policy. Among supplement non-consumers, the policy resulted in significant reductions of inadequacies across all population groups; however, 76% of Canadians were still below the estimated average requirement (10 µg/day or 400 IU/day). Among supplement consumers, no signi...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 30, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Hassan Vatanparast Zoe L Longworth Source Type: research

The effects of regional quadriceps architecture on angle-specific rapid force expression
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Evaluating anatomical contributions to performance can increase understanding of muscle mechanics and guide physical preparation. While the impact of anatomy on muscular performance is well studied, the effects of regional quadriceps architecture on rapid torque or force expression are less clear. Regional (proximal, middle, and distal) quadriceps (vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius) thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL) of 24 males (48 limbs) were assessed via ultrasonography. Participants performed maximal isomet...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 30, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Dustin J. Oranchuk William G. Hopkins John B. Cronin Adam G. Storey Andr é R. Nelson Source Type: research

A systematic review of exercise protocols applied to athymic mice in tumor-related experiments
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Athymic mice are unable to produce T-cells and are then characterized as immunodeficient. This characteristic makes these animals ideal for tumor biology and xenograft research. New non-pharmacological therapeutics are required owing to the exponential increase in global oncology costs over the last 10 years and the high cancer mortality rate. In this sense, physical exercise is regarded as a relevant component of cancer treatment. However, the scientific community lacks information regarding the effect of manipulating training variables on cancer in humans, an...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 29, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Andrea Corazzi Pelosi Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot Ana Lu íza Paula Garbuio Maur ício Beitia Kraemer Denise Gon çalves Priolli Ivan Gustavo Masselli dos Reis Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias Source Type: research

Skeletal muscle fibre morphology in childhood —insights into myopenia in pediatric liver disease
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Myopenia (reduced skeletal muscle [SM]) is common in children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and suboptimal nutritional status pre- and post-liver transplantation (LTx). Myopenia may result in altered SM morphology (changes in muscle fibre size and types [type I vs. II proportions]) contributing to adverse outcomes and deficits in muscle strength/functionality. Understanding how SM morphology changes in healthy children with age and the potential impact of ESLD on SM morphology offers insight into the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies for children...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 15, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Amber Hager Vera Mazurak Michelle Noga Susan M. Gilmour Diana R. Mager Source Type: research

Sex disparities in self-reported musculoskeletal injuries in the Canadian Armed Forces
This study highlights sex disparities in MSKi prevalence and outcome s. Females within the CAF sample presented greater likelihood of reporting RSI, perceived impact of RSI on daily activities and career progress/length, and perceived impact of acute injuries on daily activities. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 13, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Danilo F. da Silva Chris M. Edwards Jessica L. Puranda Émilie Miller Kevin Semeniuk Kristi B. Adamo Source Type: research

The dietary inflammatory index is positively associated with insulin resistance in underweight and healthy weight adults
In conclusion, in underweight and healthy weight adults, DII was positively correlated with the risk of IR. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Zhendong Mi Xuhan Wang Liying Ma Honglin Liu Yidan Zhang Ziji Ding Ling Wang Mengzi Sun Bo Li Source Type: research

Saliva insulin tracks plasma insulin across the day following high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate meals
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Non-invasive monitoring of insulin could hold promise to identify those with, or at risk for developing, insulin resistance. We aimed to examine saliva insulin responses across the day following high- and low-carbohydrate meals and evaluate whether changes in saliva insulin might accurately reflect changes in plasma insulin. In two randomized crossover studies, young normal weight men (NW; n  = 8; Study 1) and adults with overweight/obesity (OO; n = 8; Study 2) completed two 9-h experimental trials in which the participants consumed isocaloric mixed high-ca...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Hossein Rafiei Kosar Omidian Courtney Rochelle Chang Jonathan Peter Little Source Type: research

Canadian Nutrition Society Dialogue on disease-related malnutrition: a commentary from the 2022 Food For Health Workshop
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. This commentary represents a dialogue on key aspects of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) from leaders and experts from academia, health across disciplines, and several countries across the world. The dialogue illuminates the problem of DRM, what impact it has on outcomes, nutrition care as a human right, and practice, implementation, and policy approaches to address DRM. The dialogue allowed the germination of an idea to register a commitment through the Canadian Nutrition Society and the Canadian Malnutrition Task Force in the UN/WHO Decade of Action on Nutr...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 25, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Leah Gramlich Diana Cardenas Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia Heather Keller Carlota Basualdo-Hammond Judy Bauer Gordon Jensen Roseann Nasser Valerie Tarasuk Jennifer Reynolds Source Type: research