Development of an optimal grocery list based on actual intake from a cross-sectional study of First Nations adults in Ontario, Canada
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. A multi-stage sampling strategy selected 1387 on-reserve First Nations adults in Ontario. Foods from a 24-hour dietary recall were assigned to the 100 most common food groups for men and women. Nutrients from market foods (MF) and traditional foods (TF) harvested from the wild as well as MF costs were assigned based on the proportions of total grams consumed. Linear programming was performed imposing various constraints to determine whether it was possible to develop diets that included the most popular foods while meeting Institute of Medicine guidelines. Fina...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 26, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Malek Batal Tiff-Annie Kenny Louise Johnson-Down Amy Ing Karen Fediuk Tonio Sadik Hing Man Chan Noreen Willows Source Type: research

Five-year changes in objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time in mid-to-late adulthood
This study examined 5-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary time in mid-to-late aged adults. Fifty-seven participants completed baseline and follow-up treadmill exercise tests and physical activity monitoring. We observed a 14% decline in fitness (p< 0.001), 12% decrease in physical activity (p = 0.010), and non-significant increase in sedentary time (p = 0.196). Age was negatively associated with 5-year change in physical activity (r = −0.31; p = 0.02) and this decline was strongest among APOE ε4 carriers (g = −0.75). Novelty: Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity si...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 25, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Ryan J. Dougherty Sarah R. Lose Julian M. Gait án Brandon M. Mergen Nathaniel A. Chin Ozioma C. Okonkwo Dane B. Cook Source Type: research

Collegiate male athletes exhibit conditions of the Male Athlete Triad
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The primary purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of the Male Athlete Triad (MAT) conditions: low energy availability (EA), low bone mineral density (BMD), and low testosterone in male collegiate athletes from different sports. Participants included 44 collegiate male athletes (age, 20.4 ± 0.2 years; body mass index, 25.3 ± 1.3 kg/m2) from 7 sports (cross country, soccer, basketball, wrestling, track, golf, and baseball). Resting metabolic rate, 3-day food intake, 7-day exercise energy expenditure, body composition, and reproductive and metabolic...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 22, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: J.M. Moris S.A. Olendorff C.M. Zajac M. Fernandez-del-Valle B.L. Webb J.L. Zuercher B.K. Smith K.R. Tucker B.L. Guilford Source Type: research

Enhancing cultural food security among the Syilx Okanagan adults with the reintroduction of Okanagan sockeye salmon
This study describes the reach of this initiative and assesses its impact on Syilx households ’ income-related and cultural food security status. In total, 265 households participated in the study. Overall, 48.6% of participants ate Okanagan sockeye salmon during the year prior to the survey. Most participants (89.1%) reported that during the prior year their household accessed salmon from a community member or through trade (53.7%), community program (49.8%), a feast or ceremony (35.8%), or household harvest (27.2%). The number of ways that households accessed salmon was associated with a greater frequency of salmon con...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 22, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Rosanne Blanchet Noreen Willows Suzanne Johnson Malek Batal Source Type: research

Healthy lifestyle initiatives for increasing fruit and vegetable intake among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake is key to reducing chronic disease risk among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This rapid review collated evidence on healthy lifestyle initiatives that focused on increasing fruit and vegetable intake among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples residing in major cities. Due to limited studies conducted within major cities, we extended our inclusion criteria to regional and remote areas. Sixteen studies were included. Five (31%) studies were rated as good quality (least risk of bias...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 19, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Lauren C. Blekkenhorst Katherine M. Ride Ruth M. Wallace Sandra J. Eades Daniel McAullay Stephanie L. Godrich Source Type: research

Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are not influenced by metformin treatment in humans: secondary analyses of 2 randomized, clinical trials
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Metformin and exercise both improve glycemic control, but in vitro studies have indicated that an interaction between metformin and exercise occurs in skeletal muscle, suggesting a blunting effect of metformin on exercise training adaptations. Two studies (a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial conducted in 29 glucose-intolerant individuals and a double-blind, cross-over trial conducted in 15 healthy lean males) were included in this paper. In both studies, the effect of acute exercise ± metformin treatment on different skeletal muscle varia...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 16, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Nanna S. Pilmark Laura Oberholzer Jens F. Halling Jonas M. Kristensen Christina P. B ønding Ida Elkj ær Mark Lyngb æk Grit Elster Christoph Siebenmann Niels F.R. Holm Jesper B. Birk Emil L. Larsen Anne-Kristine M. Lundby J ørgen Wojtaszewski Henriette Source Type: research

Longitudinal changes in circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers throughout pregnancy: are there associations with diet and weight status?
In conclusion, ppBMI and the progression of pregnancy itself probably supplant the potential associations between diet and the inflammation occurring during that period. Novelty: Circulating leptin and IL-6 concentrations increased across trimesters whereas CRP was stable, and adiponectin decreased. Variations in circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations differed by ppBMI categories. Very few associations were observed between dietary scores and inflammatory markers. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 12, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Claudia Savard Simone Lemieux Anne-Sophie Plante Marianne Gagnon Nadine Leblanc Alain Veilleux Andr é Tchernof Anne-Sophie Morisset Source Type: research

Leisure sedentary time and physical activity are higher in neighbourhoods with denser greenness and better built environments: an analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Associations of environmental variables with physical activity and sedentary time using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, and the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) dataset, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, greenness) dataset) were assessed. The main outcome variables were physical activity and sedentary time as measured by a modified version of the Physical Activity for Elderly Scale. The sample consisted of adults aged 45 and older (n = 36  580, mean age 6...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 8, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Irmina Klicnik John David Cullen Dany Doiron Caroline Barakat Chris I. Ardern David Rudoler Shilpa Dogra Source Type: research

Passive leg cycling increases activity of the cardiorespiratory system in people with tetraplegia
The objective of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory response to passive leg cycling in people with cervical SCI. Beat-by-beat blood pressure, heart rate, and cerebral blood flow were measured before and throughout 10  minutes of cycling in 11 people with SCI. Femoral artery flow-mediated dilation was also assessed before and immediately after passive cycling. Safety was monitored throughout all study visits. Passive cycling elevated systolic blood pressure (5 ± 2 mm Hg), mean arterial pressure (5 ± 3 mm H g), stroke volume (2.4 ± 0.8 mL), heart rate (2 ± 1 beats/min) and cardiac output (0.3 Â...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 5, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Jan Elaine Soriano Rinaldo Romac Jordan W. Squair Otto F. Barak Zoe K. Sarafis Amanda H.X. Lee Geoff B. Coombs Bita Vaseghi Christopher Grant Rebecca Charbonneau Tanja Mijacika Andrei V. Krassioukov Philip N. Ainslie Kelly A. Larkin-Kaiser Aaron A. Philli Source Type: research

The effects of physical activity on arterial stiffness during pregnancy: an observational study
The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and arterial stiffness in pregnancy. Thirty-nine women participated in this study, resulting in 68 measurements in non-pregnant (NP; n = 21), first (TM1; n  = 8), second (TM2; n = 20), and third trimesters (TM3; n = 19). Compliance, distensibility, elasticity, β-stiffness, and carotid to femoral (central) and carotid to finger (peripheral) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed. MVPA was measured using accelerometry. Multilevel linear regressions ad justed for multiple tests per participant using ...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - November 4, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Brittany A. Matenchuk Katelyn Fujii Rachel J. Skow Frances Sobierajski Christina MacKay Craig D. Steinback Margie H. Davenport Source Type: research

Passive heat acclimation does not modulate processing speed and executive functions during cognitive tasks performed at fixed levels of thermal strain
In conclusion, 7 days of heat acclimation does not modulate processing speed and executive functions during passive heat exposure. Novelty: Whether heat acclimation improves cognitive performance during heat exposure remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation modul ates reaction time during cognitive tasks performed at matched levels of thermal strain. Despite the classical signs of heat acclimation, reaction time during heat exposure is unaffected by heat acclimation. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - October 28, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Hadiatou Barry Philippe Gendron Christine Gagnon Louis Bherer Daniel Gagnon Source Type: research

Initial stay times for uncompensable occupational heat stress in young and older men: a preliminary assessment
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. During uncompensable occupational heat stress, heat-mitigation controls are required to prevent core temperature exceeding recommended limits ( ≥38 °C). However, the initial stay time before employing controls remained unknown. We estimated these times for moderate-intensity work at 26, 28, 30, and 32 °C wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) in 50 young (18–30 years) and older (50–70 years), non-heat acclimatized men. Initial stay time was 111 min at 26 °C WBGT and declined exponentially to 44 min at 32 °C WBGT. Novelty: We provide estimates of t...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - October 28, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Sean R. Notley Ashley P. Akerman Glen P. Kenny Source Type: research

A structured physical activity program in an adolescent population with overweight or obesity: a prospective interventional study
In conclusion, regular physical exercise induces positi ve metabolic and cardiovascular effects, persisting even after brief discontinuation. Novelty: Physical exercise induces positive effect on cardiovascular risk profile. Positive effects persist also after brief discontinuation. Physical exercise reduces early signs of autonomic disfunction. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - October 27, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Elvira Fanelli Federico Abate Daga Marco Pappaccogli Elisabetta Eula Anna Astarita Giulia Mingrone Chiara Fasano Corrado Magnino Domenica Schiavone Ivana Rabbone Massimiliano Gollin Franco Rabbia Franco Veglio Source Type: research

Analyses of serum and urinary metabolites in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) consuming a bean-rich diet: relationships with drug metabolites
In conclusion, several biochemical pathways including prostaglandins and glutathione were af fected by bean consumption. Significant changes in the metabolism of metoprolol and metformin with bean consumption suggested the presence of diet-drug interactions that may require adjustment of the prescribed dose. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01382056. Novelty: Bean consumption by people wi th PAD alters the levels of certain metabolites in serum and urine. Different bean types (black, red kidney, pinto, navy) have unique flavonoid profiles. Metabolomics revealed potential diet–drug interactions as serum and/or urinary le...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - October 26, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Le Wang Erin M. Goldberg Carla G. Taylor Peter Zahradka Michel Aliani Source Type: research

Potential effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy in well-trained females
This study examined if acute dietary nitrate supplementation (140 mL beetroot juice, BRJ) would reduce oxygen consumption (V ̇O2) during cycling at power outputs of 50 and 70% maximal oxygen consumption in 14 well-trained female Canadian University Ringette League athletes. BRJ had no effect on V̇O2 or heart rate but significantly reduced ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at both intensities. Individually, 4 participa nts responded to BRJ supplementation with a ≥3% reduction in V̇O2 at the higher power output. Novelty: Acute BRJ supplementation did not improve exercise economy in well-trained females, but significan...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - October 19, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Stacey P.A. Forbes Lawrence L. Spriet Source Type: research