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Cardiac autonomic disturbance following resistance and sprint-interval exercises in non-obese and obese young men
This study examined the alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) following iso-duration resistance (RES) and sprint-interval exercises (SIE) by comparing with that of non-exercise control (CON) in 14 non-obese (NOB) and 15 obese (OB) young men. Time and frequency domain measures as well as nonlinear metrics of HRV were assessed before and immediately after exercise, and during every 20  min until 120 min post-exercise. The variables during the first 4 h of actual sleep time at night, and the period of 12–14 h post-exercise were also measured. All trials were scheduled at 20:00. It was found that RES and SIE attenu...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 21, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jinlei Nie Tomas K. Tong Yingqi Zhou Qingde Shi Haifeng Zhang Zhaowei Kong Source Type: research

PGC-1 α overexpression is not sufficient to mitigate cancer cachexia in either male or female mice
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Cancer cachexia (CC) accounts for 20% –40% of cancer-related deaths. Mitochondrial aberrations have been shown to precede muscle atrophy in different atrophy models, including cancer. Therefore, this study investigated potential protection from the cachectic phenotype through overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated recepto r γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α). First, to establish potential of mitochondria-based approaches we showed that the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPO (MitoT) attenuates myotube atrophy induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 14, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Francielly Morena da Silva Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell Eleanor R. Schrems Lauren Martinez Madeline G. Amos Seongkyun Lim Ana Regina Cabrera Jacob L. Brown Tyrone A. Washington Nicholas P. Greene Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation during exercise in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men with elevated body mass index
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. A cross-sectional pilot investigation was performed in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men (15 each) with elevated body mass index to compare (i) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and (ii) fat oxidation at rest and maximal fat oxidation during exercise. Predicted CRF (Chinese: 37.0 (5.1)  mL·kg–1·min–1; Indian: 34.8 (5.6) mL·kg–1·min–1; Malay: 33.0 (7.1) mL·kg–1·min–1; P = 0.208) and resting fat oxidation were similar among groups. Maximal fat oxidation during exercise was lower in Indian (3.81 (1.02) mg·kg–1·min–1, P = 0.004) and M...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 9, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Mayada Demashkieh Rinkoo Dalan Stephen Francis Burns Source Type: research

Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: prevalence by different definitions and relationship with adiposity
This study suggests that in CKD (i) sarcopenia and low muscle mass prevalence varies according to the diagnos tic criteria; (ii) sarcopenia and low muscle mass are common conditions; (iii) the association with body adiposity depends on the criteria used to define low muscle mass; and (iv) the FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia. Novelty: Prevalence of sarcopenia and low m uscle mass in CKD varied according to the diagnostic criteria. Association of excess adiposity with sarcopenia and low muscle mass depends on muscle mass index applied. FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individu...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 3, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Nat ália Tomborelli Bellafronte Tha ísa Ribeiro Govêia Paula Garcia Chiarello Source Type: research

Intakes of PUFA are low in preschool-aged children in the Guelph Family Health Study pilot cohort
This study investigated intakes of total, n-3, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in 109 preschool-aged children who participated in the Guelph Family Health Study pilot. Intakes of total, n-3, and n-6 PUFA did not meet recommendations. This study highlights the need for additional monitoring and potential interventions to improve PUFA intake in preschool-aged children. Clinical Trial #NCT02223234. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 1, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jessie L. Burns Julia A. Mirotta Alison M. Duncan Gerarda Darlington Jess Haines Nitin Shivappa James R. H ébert David W.L. Ma The Guelph Family Health Study Source Type: research

Examining the cognitive benefits of probiotic supplementation in physically active older adults: A randomized clinical trial
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The prevalence of dementia is projected to increase with the growing older adult population and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Two promising interventions include physical activity (PA) and probiotic supplementation, with initial findings suggesting their combined use may confer greater cognitive benefits than either intervention alone. However, no study has yet examined the effects of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in healthy, physically active older adults. The present study used archival data from a randomized clinical trial incl...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 26, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Victoria Sanborn Mashael Aljumaah M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril John Gunstad Source Type: research

A non-invasive 13CO2 breath test detects differences in anabolic sensitivity with feeding and heavy resistance exercise in healthy young males: a randomized control trial
This study was registered as a Clinical Trial at ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT04887727). Novelty: An oral l-[1-13C]leucine breath test can detect greater anabolic sensitivity after feeding and resistance exercise. This tool may be applied in growing (e.g., children) or wasting (e.g., ag ing) populations where invasive procedures are not possible. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 24, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Michael Mazzulla Nathan Hodson Daniel W.D. West Dinesh A. Kumbhare Daniel R. Moore Source Type: research

A need for multi-sector and multi-pronged solutions to address the many barriers inhibiting change from unhealthy food environments in publicly funded recreation facilities: a mixed-method study
This study aimed to characterize food environments in a convenient sample of Saskatchewan public recreation facilities. A convergent/parallel mixed methods study design used quantitative methods to determine the healthfulness of concession stands and vending machines and qualitative methods to examine barriers and facilitators to healthy eating in facilities. The results found that 5% of concession main dishes were defined as healthy and packaged foods/beverages in concession stands and vending machines were defined as Offer Most Often 6% and 8% of the time, respectively, according to Saskatchewan Nutrition Standards. Repo...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 11, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Melanie Warken Tracy Sanden Naomi Shanks Rachel Engler-Stringer Hassan Vatanparast Source Type: research

The impact of a plant-based diet on indices of cardiovascular health in African Americans: a cross-sectional study
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. African-American (AA) individuals are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases. Plant-based diets (PBD) may be cardioprotective in part through their high antioxidant capacity and low inflammatory load. We tested the hypothesis that AA individuals adhering to a 100% PBD would have better vascular health than AA individuals following a typical American diet (TAD). Eighteen AA individuals participated; 9 (24  ± 4 years; 6 females) were following a PBD for 2.4 ± 0.8 years and 9 (21 ± 2 years; 5 females) were following a TAD. Blood lipids an...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 5, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Zachary T. Martin Guillermo Olvera Christian A. Villegas Jeremiah C. Campbell John D. Akins Kyrah K. Brown R. Matthew Brothers Source Type: research

Plant-based food patterns to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and support muscle mass in humans: a narrative review
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The interest in a diet with a higher proportion of plant-based foods to animal-based foods is a global food pattern trend. However, there are concerns regarding adopting plants as the main dietary protein source to support muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle mass. These concerns are centered on three issues: lower protein bioavailability due to antinutritional compounds in plants, lower per-serve scores of protein at similar energy intake, and amino acid scores of plants being lower than optimal. We aimed here to synthesize and discuss evidence around pla...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 4, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Sarah Nichele Stuart M. Phillips Brunna C.B. Boaventura Source Type: research

Changes in systolic blood pressure, postprandial glucose, and gut microbial composition following mango consumption in individuals with overweight and obesity
This study aimed to explore the impact of daily mango consumption (Mangifera indica) on cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota in individuals with overweight and obesity. Changes in cardiometabolic variables, gut microbiota diversity and composition, physical activity habits, and dietary intakes were assessed in 8 males and 19 females with overweight and obesity who consumed 280  g/day of mango pulp for 8 weeks. There were no significant changes in body weight, waist circumference, or plasma lipid levels. However, after consuming mangos for 8 weeks, participants showed a 3.5% reduction in systolic blood pressure (–...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 4, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Justine Keathley Mich èle Kearney V éronique Garneau Juan de Toro-Mart ín Thibault V. Varin Genevi ève Pilon Patrick Couture Andr é Marette Marie-Claude Vohl Charles Couillard Source Type: research

Researchers ’ perspectives on adverse event reporting in resistance training trials: a qualitative study
In conclusion, AE reporting methods in the field of exercise science do not align with best practice. Strategies to reduce inconsistent and suboptimal AE reporting in RT trials are urgently needed and could be based on the barriers and facilitators identified in this study. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Rasha El-Kotob Justin R. Pagcanlungan B. Catharine Craven Catherine Sherrington Marina Mourtzakis Lora M. Giangregorio Source Type: research

Learning circles: an adaptive strategy to support food sovereignty among First Nations communities in Canada
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Indigenous communities in Canada are concerned about the health of their youth and the reclamation of traditional food-related skills amongst their people. Food sovereignty has an integral role in food and nutrition security, and the path to Indigenous self-determination. Learning Circles: Local Healthy Food to School (LC:LHF2S) was a community engagement model that aimed to enhance access to local, healthy, and traditional foods for youth. In each of four First Nations communities, a Learning Circle Evaluation Facilitator worked to plan and implement activitie...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Louise W. McEachern Jennifer Yessis Barbara Zupko Joanne Yovanovich Renata Valaitis Rhona M. Hanning Source Type: research

Development of the Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy: breaking down barriers to prenatal exercise
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Evidence-based guidelines represent the highest level of scientific evidence to identify best practices for clinical/public health. However, the availability of guidelines do not guarantee their use, targeted knowledge translation strategies and tools are necessary to help promote uptake. Following publication of the 2019 Canadian Guideline for Physical Activity throughout Pregnancy, the Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy, and an associated Health Care Provider Consultation Form for Prenatal Physical Activity were developed to promote guideline adoption and...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Margie H. Davenport Sarah Neil-Sztramko Bridget Lett Mary Duggan Michelle F. Mottola Stephanie-May Ruchat Kristi B. Adamo Kate Andrews Raul Artal Nicole Beamish Radha Chari Milena Forte Kirstin N. Lane Linda May Kaleigh Maclaren Ashley Zahavich Source Type: research

Canadian Nutrition Society 2022 Scientific Abstracts: Canadian Nutrition Society Annual Conference
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,Volume 47, Issue 4 (Suppl. 1), Page S1-S46, April 2022. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research