Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

When the world stops: The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and physical literacy
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Matched pre-during pandemic comparison (160 children) revealed a substantial reduction in physical activity (p  < 0.001, rrb = 0.83), environmental participation (p  = 0.046, rrb = 0.16), movement valuation (p < 0.001, rrb = 0.61), and parent perceptions of children ’s physical literacy (p < 0.001, rrb = 0.56). Examining physical activity trajectories, higher pre-pandemic physical literacy protected children from pandemic related activity decline. Emerging from the pandemic, interventions should address children ’s eroded belief in movement and...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 16, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Natalie E. Houser M. Louise Humbert Dean Kriellaars Marta C. Erlandson Source Type: research

Effects of sex and wet-bulb globe temperature on heart rate variability during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise: a secondary analysis
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Sex differences in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate of cardiac autonomic modulation, are evident during rest and exercise in young healthy individuals. However, it remains unclear whether sex impacts HRV during prolonged exercise at differing levels of environmental heat stress. Therefore, we completed a secondary analysis upon the effects of sex and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) on HR and HRV during prolonged exercise. To achieve this, HR and HRV were assessed in non-endurance-trained and non-heat-acclimatised healthy men (n  ...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 15, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jordan A. De Barros Michael J. Macartney Gregory E. Peoples Sean R. Notley Christophe L. Herry Glen P. Kenny Source Type: research

Brave spaces: Indigenous children in Canada plan for a different tomorrow
This article responds to a need to shift to a determinants of life focus. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 10, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Elizabeth Cooper Source Type: research

Heat tolerance and the validity of occupational heat exposure limits in women during moderate-intensity work
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. To mitigate excessive rises in core temperature (>1 °C) in non-heat acclimatized workers, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provides heat stress limits (Action Limit Values; ALV), defined by the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and a worker’s metabolic rate. However, since these limits are based on data from me n, their suitability for women remains unclear. We therefore assessed core temperature and heart rate in men (n = 19; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 250 (SD 17) cm2/kg) and women (n = 15; body surface area...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 8, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Sean R. Notley Ashley P. Akerman Brian J. Friesen Martin P. Poirier Emma McCourt Andreas D. Flouris Glen P. Kenny Source Type: research

Combination of magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity: a functional and histological study
This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of co-supplementation with Mg2+ and treadmill exercise on memory deficit in aged rats. Fifty male albino rats (10 young and 40 aged rats) were divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): young, aged sedentary, aged exercised, aged Mg2+-supplemented, and aged exercised and Mg2+-supplemented. Memory was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP). Subsequently, brain malondialdehyde and catalase levels were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippo...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 28, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Heba Fathy El-Domiaty Eman S. El-Roghy Heba Rady Salem Source Type: research

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation does not affect muscle soreness or recovery of maximal voluntary isometric contraction force following muscle-damaging exercise in untrained men: a randomized clinical trial
This study examined the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation on recovery of muscle function following exercise. Thirty-two untrained men received MitoQ (20  mg/day) or a placebo for 14 days before performing  300 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles of 1 leg. Muscle function was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after exercise. Muscle soreness was assessed using a vis ual analogue scale 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after exercise. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 2, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours ...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 24, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: S.C. Broome R.D. Atiola A.J. Braakhuis C.J. Mitchell T.L. Merry Source Type: research

Social-emotional functioning and dietary intake among children born with a very low birth weight
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Very low birth weight (VLBW,<1500  g) infants are at an elevated risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, later obesity and cardiometabolic disease; if and how neurodevelopmental disorders impact chronic disease risk is poorly understood. The most common neurodevelopmental disorders experienced by VLBW children are those of social-em otional functioning. We compared dietary patterns and body composition between VLBW children with poor vs. typical social-emotional functioning using linear mixed models adjusted for sex, gestational age, cognitive impairment, pa...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 23, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Kathryn Walton Meghan McGee Julie Sato Nicole Law Kathryn E. Hopperton Nicole Bando Alex Kiss Sharon L. Unger Deborah L. O'Connor Source Type: research

Content of physical activity documentation in Canadian family physicians ’ electronic medical records
This study examines the physical activity content of what Canadian family physicians document in their electronic medical records. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 23, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Cliff Lindeman Doug Klein Michael Stickland Neil Drummond Yeong-Bae Kim Carminda Lamboglia Amie Mangan Ashley McCurdy Ewan Affleck Scott Garrison Randall Sargent John C. Spence Source Type: research

The effects of pain induced by blood flow occlusion in one leg on exercise tolerance and corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the contralateral leg in males
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Experiencing pain in one leg can alter exercise tolerance and neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) responses in the contralateral leg; however, the corticospinal modulations to nonlocal experimental pain induced by blood flow occlusion remain unknown. In three randomized visits, 13 male participants performed 25% of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (25%IMVC) to task failure with one leg preceded by (i) 6-min rest (CON), (ii) cycling at 80% of peak power output until task failure with the contralateral leg (CYCL), or (iii) CYCL followed by blood flow occlusion (OC...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 22, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Rafael A. Azevedo Delbar Jazayeri Samuel T. Yeung Rojan Khoshreza Guillaume Y. Millet Juan Murias Saied J. Aboodarda Source Type: research

Investigating the mediating role of internalizing and externalizing problems on physical fitness in children at risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have poorer fitness and greater internalizing/externalizing problems compared with typically developing (TD) children. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential mediating role of internalizing/externalizing problems on the relationship between children at risk for DCD (DCDr) and physical fitness. Participants (N = 589) included 288 children with DCDr (Mage = 4.9, 67% male) and 301 TD children (Mage = 5.0, 48% male). Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 15, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Maeghan E. James Jeffrey D. Graham Daniele Chirico Sara King-Dowling John Cairney Source Type: research

Association between fetal famine exposure and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fetal experience of famine on the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults. The analysis included 16  594 participants from the Kailuan Study who were free of diabetes at baseline (2006). According to the date of birth, the individuals born on October 1, 1962 – September 30, 1964, were divided into the non-exposed group (used as the reference group), individuals born on October 1, 1959 – Se ptember 30, 1961, were divided into the fetal exposure group, and the early childhood exposure group included those born on October 1, 1956 – September 30, 1...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 15, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Cun Wang Xiaoyan Luo Boni Tao Wei Du Liying Hou Shuohua Chen Peng Yang Shouling Wu Yun Li Source Type: research

Impaired proteostasis in obese skeletal muscle relates to altered immunoproteasome activity
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Obesity-associated inflammation and/or oxidative stress can damage intramuscular proteins and jeopardize muscle integrity. The immunoproteasome (iProt) is vital to remove oxidatively modified proteins, but this function may be compromised with obesity. We sought to elucidate whether diet-induced obesity alters intramuscular iProt content and activity in mice to identify a possible mechanism for impaired muscle proteostasis in the obese state. Total proteasome content and activity and estimates of muscle oxidative damage, inflammation, muscle mass and strength w...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 11, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Emma Fletcher Michael Wiggs K. Leigh Greathouse Grant Morgan Paul M. Gordon Source Type: research

The association between gastrointestinal injury, complaints, and food intake in 60-km ultramarathon runners
In conclusion, GI complaints were neither associated with food intake nor GI injury as assessed by plasma I-FABP response. Energy intake, however, was inversely related to the I-FABP response to exercise. This finding suggests that substan tial energy intakes during exercise may prevent exercise-induced GI injury as assessed by the I-FABP response. Novelty: No association between gastrointestinal complaints and gastrointestinal injury (I-FABP response) or food intake was present. There was an inverse correlation between energy intake and plasma I-FABP response, suggesting that higher energy intakes may prevent gastrointest...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 9, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Niek F.J. van Venrooij Floris C. Wardenaar Daan Hoogervorst Joan M.G. Senden Jan-Willem van Dijk Kristin L. Jonvik Source Type: research

Are professors of human nutrition faculty at Canadian universities representative with respect to common social constructs of gender and race?
This study is limited because only individuals with professorial titles were included and the assignment of social constructs for race a nd gender was subjective. Nevertheless, it establishes an understanding of the proportions of professors of human nutrition who are white, racialized, Indigenous, women, and men. Novelty: Canadian universities strive to be equitable, diverse, and inclusive. One hundred and ninety professors of huma n nutrition were stratified using social constructs for race and gender. Findings: 65% Women, 80% white, 16.4% racialized, and 2.6% Indigenous (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 9, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Michael I. McBurney Source Type: research

Protein quality and the food matrix: defining optimal versus maximal meal-based protein intakes for stimulating muscle protein synthesis
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. This paper examines the opinion that we should aim to optimize, rather than maximize, protein intakes to avoid over-emphasizing muscle-centric protein requirements. An optimal eating approach strives to minimize amino acid oxidative waste and more efficiently stimulate postprandial muscle protein accretion. To do this, practitioners should acknowledge higher quality protein foods as better in delivering target amounts of amino acids into circulation, and the food matrix (e.g., nutrient –nutrient interactions) can be leveraged to potentiate essential amino aci...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - February 3, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Takeshi M. Barnes Max T. Deutz Žan Zupančič Andrew T. Askow Daniel R. Moore Nicholas A. Burd Source Type: research