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Regulation of immune function in healthy adults: one-stop guide on the role of dietary fatty acids, gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids, and select micronutrients in combination with physical activity
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The immune system requires an adequate supply of nutrients, although current dietary recommendations may not account for optimal immune function in healthy adults. Nutrient inadequacies due to the growing influence of the western diet pose a risk for immune dysfunction. This review aims to determine the beneficial effects of supplementing dietary fats, nutrients that modulate gut microbiota, and specific micronutrients on systemic immune functions (concentrations of plasma cytokines, antibodies, and acute phase proteins) during health and acute inflammatory con...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 12, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Dhruvesh Patel Jenna Evanchuk Ren Wang Carolyn L. Dunbar Jaqueline Munhoz Catherine J. Field Source Type: research

The Canadian Food Intake Screener for assessing alignment of adults ’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations: scoring system and construct validity
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The Canadian Food Intake Screener/Questionnaire court canadien sur les apports alimentaires was developed to rapidly assess alignment of adults ’ dietary intake over the past month with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide’s healthy food choices recommendations. From July to December 2021, adults (n = 154) aged 18–65 years completed the screener and up to two 24 h dietary recalls. The screener scoring system was aligned with the Healt hy Eating Food Index-2019 (HEFI-2019), to the extent possible. Analysis of variance compared screener scores among subgrou...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 10, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Joy M. Hutchinson Kevin W. Dodd Patricia M. Guenther Benoit Lamarche Jess Haines Angela Wallace Maude Perreault Tabitha E. Williams Maria Laura da Costa Louzada Mahsa Jessri Simone Lemieux Dana Lee Olstad Rachel Prowse Janis Randall Simpson Jennifer E. Ve Source Type: research

Exercise prescription and strategies to promote the cross-education of strength: a scoping review
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. This review examines the experimental evidence regarding unilateral resistance training frequency, intensity, the type of training, training volume, and adjuvant therapies on the cross-education of strength. CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were systematically searched with gray literature searches and pearling of references thereafter. Experiments were included in the review if they performed a unilateral resistance training intervention that directly compared the dose of a training variable on the cross-education response in heal...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 8, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Caleb C. Voskuil Justin W. Andrushko Boglarka S. Huddleston Jonathan P. Farthing Joshua C. Carr Source Type: research

Economic burden of low muscle strength in Canadian adults
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. We used a prevalence-based approach to estimate the economic costs associated with low muscle strength, as assessed using handgrip strength, in Canadian adults. We estimated the annual economic burden of low muscle strength at $3.0 billion, representing 2.2% of the 2021 Canadian burden of illness costs. The two most expensive chronic diseases attributable to low muscle strength were cardiovascular disease ($899 million) and type 2 diabetes ($880 million). A 10% decrease in the prevalence of low handgrip strength would save approximately $546 million per year, e...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 6, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Jean-Philippe Chaput Ian Janssen Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga Grant R. Tomkinson Justin J. Lang Source Type: research

Development of the Canadian Food Intake Screener to assess alignment of adults ’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations
The objective of this project was to develop a brief self-administered dietary screener, in English and French, to rapidly assess alignment of adults ’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations. In consultation with Health Canada and external advisors (n = 15), guiding principles were defined. Existing screeners were scanned, and the healthy food choices recommendations were mapped to inform questio ns and response options. Cognitive interviews were conducted in English (n = 17) and French (n = 16) with adults aged 18–65 years from April to June 2021 to assess understan...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 24, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Joy M. Hutchinson Tabitha E. Williams Ailish M. Westaway Alexandra B édard Camille Pitre Simone Lemieux Kevin W. Dodd Beno ît Lamarche Patricia M. Guenther Jess Haines Angela Wallace Alicia Martin Maria Laura da Costa Louzada Mahsa Jessri Dana Lee Olsta Source Type: research

Canadian Nutrition Society 2023 Scientific Abstracts: Canadian Nutrition Society Annual Conference
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,Volume 48, Issue 4 (Suppl. 1), Page S1-S83, April 2023. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 21, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Achievement of the ABC goal among Canadians with type 2 diabetes and the influence of physical activity: data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Achieving the three therapeutics targets known as ABC (A1c  ≤ 7.0%, LDL-C <  2.0 mmol/L, and resting BP <  130/80 mmHg), limiting sedentary behaviors as well as accumulating a total of 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. However, more recent data regarding the achievement of ABC over time in Canada is nee ded and it remains to be determined how sedentary behaviors and physical activity levels can influence its achievement. Analyses were performed us...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Alexis Marcotte-Ch énard Ren é Maréchal Ahmed Ghachem Alan Cohen El éonor Riesco Source Type: research

Alternate-day fasting induces metabolic and morphofunctional changes in the gastrointestinal tract of male rats
In conclusion, our results showed ADF exert an effect on both metabolism and GI motility and impacts on overall digestive functions. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 19, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Ana Paula Sim ões Beckmann Loyane Almeida Gama Mariana Pirani Rocha Machado Wellington David Luz Alves Luciana Aparecida Cor á Madileine Francely Am érico Source Type: research

Determinants of recreational screen time behavior following the COVID-19 pandemic among Canadian adults
In conclusion, recreational screen time remains elev ated post-pandemic. Addressing motivation (automatic and reflective), psychological capabilities, and social opportunities may be critical for future interventions aiming to limit recreational screen time. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 10, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Sam Liu Rebecca Coulter Wuyou Sui Kayla Nuss Ryan E. Rhodes Source Type: research

Aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort training programs: an intense continuous and a high-intensity interval
This study compared the aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-based training programs, an intense continuous (CON) and a high-intensity interval (INT). Young adults were assigned to a CON (n  = 11) or an INT (n = 13) training group to perform 14 training sessions within 6 weeks. The INT group performed running bouts (9.3 ± 4.4 repetitions) at 90% of peak treadmill velocity (PTV) with bout duration equal to 1/4 of time to exhaustion at this speed (134.2 ± 27.9 s). The CONT group ran (1185.0 ± 487.6 s) at a speed corresponding to −2.5% of critical velocity (CV;...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 5, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Aristides Myrkos Ilias Smilios Andreas Zafeiridis Maria-Eleni Kokkinou Apostolos Tzoumanis Helen Douda Source Type: research

Aerobic adaptions following two iso-effort training programs: an intense continuous and a high-intensity interval
This study compared the aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-based training programs, an intense continuous (CON) and a high-intensity interval (INT). Young adults were assigned to a CON (n  = 11) or an INT (n = 13) training group to perform 14 training sessions within 6 weeks. The INT group performed running bouts (9.3 ± 4.4 repetitions) at 90% of peak treadmill velocity (PTV) with bout duration equal to 1/4 of time to exhaustion at this speed (134.2 ± 27.9 s). The CONT group ran (1185.0 ± 487.6 s) at a speed corresponding to −2.5% of critical velocity (CV;...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 5, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Aristides Myrkos Ilias Smilios Andreas Zafeiridis Maria-Eleni Kokkinou Apostolos Tzoumanis Helen Douda Source Type: research

Association between low blood selenium concentrations and poor hand grip strength in United States adults participating in NHANES (2011 –2014)
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between blood selenium concentrations and low hand grip strength using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 –2012 and 2013–2014 in the United States (US). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of low hand grip strength, with blood selenium level adjusted for potential confounders. Among 8158 adults (women: 51.59%) with a mean age of 47 (range: 18–80) years, women and non-Hisp anic Blacks tended to have low blood selenium concentrations. Notably, participants with high blood selenium concentrations (range, 17...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 4, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Jingjing Pei Lailai Yan Yuwan Wu Xi Zhang Huan Jia Huajun Li Source Type: research

Differential plasma branched-chain amino acid responses following the consumption of Greek-style yogurt and skimmed milk
We examined postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in blood for 4  h following the consumption of two isonitrogenous doses (2 × 20 g protein) of Greek-style yogurt (GY) and skimmed milk (MILK) in young males. Peak leucine and BCAA concentrations and areas under the curve were greater after GY versus MILK, and time to maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between conditions. We demonstrated that different protein-matched wholefood dairy products elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 29, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: J.K. Brown C.G.R. Perry E.T. Prior S.M. Phillips L.E. Skelly A.R. Josse Source Type: research

Perception of exercise-induced dyspnea after experimentally induced breathing discomfort
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The perception of dyspnea is influenced by both physiological and psychological factors. We sought to determine whether exertional dyspnea perception could be experimentally manipulated through prior exposure to heightened dyspnea while exercising. We hypothesized that dyspnea perception during exercise would be lower following an induced dyspnea task (IDT). Sixteen healthy participants (eight females, eight males) completed two days of exercise testing. Day  1 involved an incremental cycle exercise test starting at 40 W for females and 60 W for males, in...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Jou-Chung Chang Sarah A. Angus Connor J. Doherty Benjamin P. Thompson Leah M. Mann Yannick Molgat-Seon Paolo B. Dominelli Source Type: research

The impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and airway reactivity after recovery in college-aged adults
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether pulmonary function is reduced, and airway reactivity is increased after recovery from COVID-19 in individuals who did not have severe illness, and (2) whether physical activity levels had any impact on pulmonary function or airway reactivity. An exploratory aim of the study was also to assess whether number of symptoms was associated with pulmonary function outcomes. The maximal flow volume loop was used to measure pulmonary function in individuals who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 (COV; n  =...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - March 21, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Nicholas M. Johnson Michael J. Saunders Christopher J. Womack Stephanie P. Kurti Source Type: research