The association of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults: a cross-sectional study in Framingham Heart Study cohorts
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The purpose of this study was to examine whether using both objectively (accelerometer) and subjectively (questionnaire) measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) improves the prediction of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (pre/T2D) using data from the Framingham Heart Study (n  = 4200). Logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio of pre/T2D in groups cross-classified by subjective and objective MVPA and SED. Less than half of participants fell into concordant categories of MVPA and SED using subjecti...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 25, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Rubin Pooni Heather Edgell Hala Tamim Jennifer L. Kuk Source Type: research

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: impact of pregnancy and exercise on rating of perceived exertion during non-weight-bearing exercise
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The purpose of this study was to determine if rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during non-weight-bearing exercise is influenced by gestational age and exercise training. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the influence of gestational age and exercise training (three to four  times per week for 25–40 minutes at 50%–70% of heart rate reserve) on RPE during an exhaustive cycling exercise test. We observed no influence of gestational age, or exercise training status on RPE responses to non-weight-bearing exercise during pregnancy. Trial re...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 22, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Áine Brislane Brittany A. Matenchuck Rachel J. Skow Craig D. Steinback Margie H. Davenport Source Type: research

Exploring the relationship between resting-state intra-network connectivity and accelerometer-measured physical activity in pediatric concussion: a cohort study
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Our objective was to explore the association between resting-state functional connectivity and accelerometer-measured physical activity in pediatric concussion. Fourteen children with concussion (aged 14.54  ± 2.39 years, 8 female) were included in this secondary data analysis of a larger study. Participants had neuroimaging at 15.3 ± 6.7 days postinjury and subsequently a mean of 11.1 ± 5.0 days of accelerometer data. Intra-network connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), salience network (SN), and frontoparietal net...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Bhanu Sharma Joyce Obeid Carol DeMatteo Michael D. Noseworthy Brian W. Timmons Source Type: research

Influence of menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen utilization during high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion in healthy women
This study compared changes in muscle glycogen concentration across the menstrual cycle during high-intensity intermittent exercise until exhaustion using 13C-m agnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results highlight the influence of the menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen during high-intensity intermittent exercise in healthy women. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Tomoka Matsuda Hideyuki Takahashi Mariko Nakamura Moe Kanno Hazuki Ogata Akira Ishikawa Mizuki Yamada Kayoko Kamemoto Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga Source Type: research

Importance of skeletal muscle lipid levels for muscle function and physical function in older individuals
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The skeletal muscle contains lipids inside (intramyocellular lipids, IMCL) or outside (extramyocellular lipids, EMCL) its cells. The muscle lipid content increases with age; however, the characteristics of IMCL and EMCL in older individuals are not well known. We aimed to examine the characteristics of skeletal muscle lipids by investigating their relationship with muscle function and physical functions. Seven elderly men and 16 elderly women participated. The skeletal muscle lipid content, including IMCL and EMCL, was measured in the vastus lateralis by proton...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 15, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Akito Yoshiko Hisashi Maeda Hideyuki Takahashi Teruhiko Koike Noriko Tanaka Hiroshi Akima Source Type: research

The acute effect of maximal exercise on arterial stiffness in adults with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. We compared central and peripheral arterial stiffness response patterns between persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) of different age groups at rest and following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Fifteen young adults with and without IDD, and 15 middle-aged adults without IDD performed a CPET. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured at rest and following CPET using estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-ankle (cdPWV) pulse wave velocity derived from piezoelectric mec...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 12, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Xavier Melo Jo ão Luís Marôco Rita Pinto Vitor Angarten Manuel Coimbra Duarte Correia Mafalda Roque Joana Reis Vanessa Santos Bo Fernhall Helena Santa-Clara Source Type: research

One week of overeating upregulates angiogenic and lipolytic gene expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue from exercise trained and untrained adults
The objective of this study was to assess changes in the expression of factors regulating abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue storage capacity in response to a brief exposure to overeating in nonobese adults. Because exercise can alter the expression of genes involved in regulating adipose tissue storage capacity, we compared the responses to overeating in regular exercisers (EX, n  = 11) and nonexercisers (nonEX, n = 11). Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after participants ate 30% above their estimated daily energy requirements for 1 week. Both ...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 11, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Alison C. Ludzki Emily M. Krueger Jenna B. Gillen Natalie M. Taylor Darby O. Middlebrook Toree C. Baldwin Konstantinos C. Karabetsos Michael W. Schleh Jeffrey F. Horowitz Source Type: research

Practical application of a mixed active and passive heat acclimation protocol in elite male Olympic team sport athletes
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. To investigate effectiveness and retention of heat acclimation (HA) integrated within an elite rugby sevens team training program, 12 elite male rugby sevens athletes undertook 10 days of mixed active/passive HA across 2 weeks of normal training. Physiological and performance variables were assessed using a sport-specific, repeated high-intensity heat-response test pre-HA; after 5 days (mid-HA) and 10 days (post-HA); and 16 days post-HA (decay). Resting, submaximal, and end-exercise core temperatures were lower at mid-HA ( ≤−0.26 °C; d ≥ −0.47), post-H...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 6, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: S.P. Fenemor M.W. Driller N.D. Gill B. Mills J.R. Casadio C.M. Beaven Source Type: research

High-intensity functional exercise does not cause persistent elevations in augmentation index in young men and women
The objective of this study was to examine AIx immediately and 24 h following an acute bout of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) in apparently healthy young adults. A second aim compared the exercise-induced AIx recovery response between men and women. Thirty-two recreationally active younger adults (n  = 16 men) were tested. Baseline central hemodynamic measures were assessed, followed by a single bout of bodyweight HIFT. The HIFT included 4 rounds of burpees, jump squats, split squats, and walking lunges. Assessments were repeated 5, 10, 15, and 24 h post-exercise. AIx was normalized to a hear t rate of 75 bpm...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 5, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Rian Q. Landers-Ramos Ibukun Lawal Ian Imery Dakota Siok Odessa Addison Hannah A. Zabriskie Kathleen Dondero Devon A. Dobrosielski Source Type: research

Cardiac autonomic disturbance following resistance and sprint-interval exercises in non-obese and obese young men
This study examined the alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) following iso-duration resistance (RES) and sprint-interval exercises (SIE) by comparing with that of non-exercise control (CON) in 14 non-obese (NOB) and 15 obese (OB) young men. Time and frequency domain measures as well as nonlinear metrics of HRV were assessed before and immediately after exercise, and during every 20  min until 120 min post-exercise. The variables during the first 4 h of actual sleep time at night, and the period of 12–14 h post-exercise were also measured. All trials were scheduled at 20:00. It was found that RES and SIE attenu...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 21, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jinlei Nie Tomas K. Tong Yingqi Zhou Qingde Shi Haifeng Zhang Zhaowei Kong Source Type: research

PGC-1 α overexpression is not sufficient to mitigate cancer cachexia in either male or female mice
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. Cancer cachexia (CC) accounts for 20% –40% of cancer-related deaths. Mitochondrial aberrations have been shown to precede muscle atrophy in different atrophy models, including cancer. Therefore, this study investigated potential protection from the cachectic phenotype through overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated recepto r γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α). First, to establish potential of mitochondria-based approaches we showed that the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPO (MitoT) attenuates myotube atrophy induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 14, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Francielly Morena da Silva Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell Eleanor R. Schrems Lauren Martinez Madeline G. Amos Seongkyun Lim Ana Regina Cabrera Jacob L. Brown Tyrone A. Washington Nicholas P. Greene Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation during exercise in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men with elevated body mass index
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. A cross-sectional pilot investigation was performed in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men (15 each) with elevated body mass index to compare (i) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and (ii) fat oxidation at rest and maximal fat oxidation during exercise. Predicted CRF (Chinese: 37.0 (5.1)  mL·kg–1·min–1; Indian: 34.8 (5.6) mL·kg–1·min–1; Malay: 33.0 (7.1) mL·kg–1·min–1; P = 0.208) and resting fat oxidation were similar among groups. Maximal fat oxidation during exercise was lower in Indian (3.81 (1.02) mg·kg–1·min–1, P = 0.004) and M...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 9, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Mayada Demashkieh Rinkoo Dalan Stephen Francis Burns Source Type: research

Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: prevalence by different definitions and relationship with adiposity
This study suggests that in CKD (i) sarcopenia and low muscle mass prevalence varies according to the diagnos tic criteria; (ii) sarcopenia and low muscle mass are common conditions; (iii) the association with body adiposity depends on the criteria used to define low muscle mass; and (iv) the FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia. Novelty: Prevalence of sarcopenia and low m uscle mass in CKD varied according to the diagnostic criteria. Association of excess adiposity with sarcopenia and low muscle mass depends on muscle mass index applied. FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individu...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 3, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Nat ália Tomborelli Bellafronte Tha ísa Ribeiro Govêia Paula Garcia Chiarello Source Type: research

Intakes of PUFA are low in preschool-aged children in the Guelph Family Health Study pilot cohort
This study investigated intakes of total, n-3, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in 109 preschool-aged children who participated in the Guelph Family Health Study pilot. Intakes of total, n-3, and n-6 PUFA did not meet recommendations. This study highlights the need for additional monitoring and potential interventions to improve PUFA intake in preschool-aged children. Clinical Trial #NCT02223234. (Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - June 1, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jessie L. Burns Julia A. Mirotta Alison M. Duncan Gerarda Darlington Jess Haines Nitin Shivappa James R. H ébert David W.L. Ma The Guelph Family Health Study Source Type: research

Examining the cognitive benefits of probiotic supplementation in physically active older adults: A randomized clinical trial
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. The prevalence of dementia is projected to increase with the growing older adult population and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Two promising interventions include physical activity (PA) and probiotic supplementation, with initial findings suggesting their combined use may confer greater cognitive benefits than either intervention alone. However, no study has yet examined the effects of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in healthy, physically active older adults. The present study used archival data from a randomized clinical trial incl...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - May 26, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Victoria Sanborn Mashael Aljumaah M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril John Gunstad Source Type: research