CTNNB1 (β-Catenin)-altered Neoplasia: A Review Focusing on Soft Tissue Neoplasms and Parenchymal Lesions of Uncertain Histogenesis
β-catenin (CTNNB1) is a key regulatory molecule of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is important for tissue homeostasis and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. Abnormal stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin as a consequence of missense mutations or alternative molecular mechanisms occurs at a high frequency in a variety of epithelial cancers. In mesenchymal neoplasia, the role of β-catenin has been traditionally considered limited to desmoid-type fibromatosis. However, the spectrum of β-catenin-driven (β-catenin-altered) neoplasia of mesenchymal origin has been steadily widen...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Selected Case From the Arkadi M. Rywlin International Pathology Slide: Massive Localized Lymphedema in Morbid Obesity Complicated by a Nonspecific Subcutaneous Abscess
A 59-year-old morbidly obese female developed an ulcerated, slowly growing, 25 cm, subcutaneous, pendulous mass in the right groin which became infected and was excised in January 2014. The excised skin and subcutaneous fat weighed 1901 g. The skin exhibited a cobblestone appearance, the dermis was thickened and edematous, and the subcutaneous fat was traversed by fibrous septae. Histologically, there were dilated, thin-walled vessels, perivascular chronic inflammatory cells, slightly atypical macrophages, and expanded subcutaneous fibrous septae surrounding degenerating adipocytes resembling lipoblasts. Nearly all the Clu...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: AMR Series Source Type: research
Principles of Analytic Validation of Clinical Immunohistochemistry Assays
All assays performed in anatomic and clinical pathology laboratories must be validated before they are placed into clinical service. This review summarizes strategies for validation of clinical immunohistochemistry assays, and is chiefly based on the recently released guideline released by The College of American Pathologists. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Mycosis Fungoides, Then and Now… Have We Travelled?
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous lymphoma, accounting for almost 50% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. When initially described, it was believed to be a distinct clinical entity with a pathognomonic histopathologic picture. Through the years we have come to know that, like syphilis, MF is a great masquerader and can present clinically and histopathologically in many ways. This review is an attempt to cover the many faces of MF that have evolved through the years. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Primary Pulmonary Lymphomas
Primary lung lymphoma (PLL) is a rare disease that comprises (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Patterns of Invasion of Cervical Adenocarcinoma as Predicators of Outcome
In this review, a recently published pattern-based risk stratification system of endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) is presented. This novel system evaluates the morphologic features of the tumor and establishes patterns that are associated with a particular tumor behavior. Patients with pattern A EAC do not develop lymph node metastasis, and therefore avoiding lymph node resection in these patients should be considered. These patients also have stage I tumors and conservative surgery would be beneficial to decrease morbidity. Patients with pattern B tumors rarely show metastases to lymph nodes, only if there is lymphovascu...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Clinical Applications of Molecular Markers in Bone Tumors
Pathologic diagnosis of primary bone neoplasms can be challenging primarily due to rarity of the disease entities, overlapping imaging and histologic findings, and lack of tumor-specific immunohistochemical stains. Although slow to evolve, in recent years there has been a rapid advance in the discovery of new and novel molecular markers in primary bone neoplasms, which has enhanced diagnostic accuracy and has shed light into their pathogenesis. Modern technological approaches such as next-generation sequencing including RNA sequencing are serving as “rapid discovery platforms” for new and novel mutations and translocat...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death, and Brain Surgery
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Selected Case From the Arkadi M. Rywlin International Pathology Slide Club: Polypoid Endometriosis in the Pouch of Douglas in a Perimenopausal Woman
A 50-year-old female had a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for adenomyosis, uterine leiomyomas, ovarian and cervical endometriosis. Nine months later, organ imaging revealed a 43×74×52 mm, apparently malignant extraperitoneal mass lying between the vagina and rectum. The patient had been receiving a progestogen. Preoperative needle biopsies were interpreted as recurrent endometriosis. The mass was easily excised and sections were interpreted as polypoid endometriosis with a decidual reaction and foci of necrosis. Slides circulated to the club were from the excised specimen. The majority agreed with this ...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: AMR Series Source Type: research
Customizing Laboratory Information Systems: Closing the Functionality Gap
Highly customizable laboratory information systems help to address great variations in laboratory workflows, typical in Pathology. Often, however, built-in customization tools are not sufficient to add all of the desired functionality and improve systems interoperability. Emerging technologies and advances in medicine often create a void in functionality that we call a functionality gap. These gaps have distinct characteristics—a persuasive need to change the way a pathology group operates, the general availability of technology to address the missing functionality, the absence of this technology from your laboratory inf...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Update on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: What the Pathologist Needs to Know
This article reviews the basic concepts of LI-RADS, emphasizing aspects that are most relevant to pathologists, including the categories, diagnostic algorithm, major features, and ancillary features for the diagnosis of HCC. The similarities and differences between LI-RADS and other major radiology-based diagnostic systems in terms of target population, intended users, categorization of observations, and imaging methods are addressed. Importantly, LI-RADS and other systems are designed to diagnose progressed HCC with high specificity and modest sensitivity. LI-RADS and other systems are not designed to detect early HCC and...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Triple-negative Breast Carcinoma: Morphologic and Molecular Subtypes
This report summarizes the pathologic subtypes of breast cancer that are commonly of a triple-negative immunophenotype and recent molecular advances in this field. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
New Guideline for the Reporting of Studies Developing, Validating, or Updating a Multivariable Clinical Prediction Model: The TRIPOD Statement
Prediction models are developed to aid health care providers in estimating the probability that a specific outcome or disease is present (diagnostic prediction models) or will occur in the future (prognostic prediction models), to inform their decision making. Prognostic models here also include models to predict treatment outcomes or responses; in the cancer literature often referred to as predictive models. Clinical prediction models have become abundant. Pathology measurement or results are frequently included as predictors in such prediction models, certainly in the cancer domain. Only when full information on all aspe...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer
We described heterogeneity that exists at all levels—clinical, histologic, and molecular—and briefly outline the strategies that have been used by clinicians and pathologists to tackle this complicated issue. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: An Update on Recent Molecular Genetic Advances and Criteria for Malignancy
Pheochromocytomas are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors arising in the adrenal medulla, whereas paragangliomas arise from chromaffin cells in sympathetic and parasympathetic locations outside of the adrenal gland. Molecular genetic studies in the past few years have identified >10 genes involved in the pathogenesis of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, including RET oncogene, involved in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A and 2B, von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor gene, neurofibromatosis type 1 gene, succinate dehydrogenase, THEM127, and several others. The presence of genetic alterations in some of ...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - August 13, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
