Evaluating Intestinal Infections: A Systematic Approach
Endoscopic biopsies of the mucosa of the large and small intestines can present the pathologist with daunting challenges, in particular because of the breadth of the differential diagnosis, which may include neoplastic, ischemic, iatrogenic (notably medication related), autoimmune, idiopathic, and infectious entities. The purpose of the present study was to develop a logical and systematic approach to the diagnosis of mucosal infections by identifying several morphologic compartments in the intestinal mucosa, and establishing a differential diagnosis for the organisms that are associated with each compartment. The organism...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - April 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Book Review of “Biopsy Interpretation of the Liver”
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Laboratory Information Systems in Molecular Diagnostics: Why Molecular Diagnostics Data are Different
Molecular diagnostic testing presents new challenges to information management that are yet to be sufficiently addressed by currently available information systems for the molecular laboratory. These challenges relate to unique aspects of molecular genetic testing: molecular test ordering, informed consent issues, diverse specimen types that encompass the full breadth of specimens handled by traditional anatomic and clinical pathology information systems, data structures and data elements specific to molecular testing, varied testing workflows and protocols, diverse instrument outputs, unique needs and requirements of mole...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Mobile Technology for the Practice of Pathology
Recently, several technological advances have been introduced to mobile phones leading some people to refer to them as “smartphones.” These changes have led to widespread consumer adoption. A similar adoption has occurred within the medical field and this revolution is changing the practice of medicine, including pathology. Several mobile applications have been published for dermatology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and clinical pathology. The applications are wide ranging, including mobile technology to increase patient engagement, self-monitoring by patients, clinical algorithm calculation, facilitation ...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Patient Safety Curriculum for Anatomic Pathology Trainees: Recommendations Based on Institutional Experience
Because of the unique systems and skills involved in patient care by the pathologist, it is challenging to design and implement relevant training in patient safety for pathology trainees. We propose a patient safety curriculum for anatomic pathology (AP) residents based on our institutional experience. The Hospital of the University of the Pennsylvania employs a self-reporting safety database. The occurrences from July 2013 to June 2015 recorded in this system that involved the division of AP were reviewed and cataloged as preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic. The distribution of these occurrences was then used to creat...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma Dichotomy Revisited: A Restless Family of Neoplasms in the CNS
This article focuses on the historical evolution of these 2 labels as primary CNS neoplasms, and reviews their differences and similarities in terms of clinical, pathologic, and molecular features. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
The State of the Art in Colorectal Cancer Molecular Biomarker Testing
The number of molecular biomarkers to inform treatment decisions in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) continues to expand and with it the methodologies that can be employed to evaluate these biomarkers. Beyond standard diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, such as those used for Lynch syndrome, mutations in KRAS exon 2 are well established as predictive for lack of response to the antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapies panitumumab and cetuximab. Recent studies have extended these findings by demonstrating that mutations in KRAS exons 3 and 4 and in NRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 (with all KRAS and NRAS muta...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Laryngeal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: An Updated Review on Etiology, Classification, Molecular Changes, and Treatment
Laryngeal carcinogenesis is a multistep process, characterized by an accumulation of genetic changes associated with architectural and cytologic alterations, ranging from squamous hyperplasia to carcinoma in situ and encompassed by the terminology of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). The etiology, classification, genetic changes, and malignant progression of these lesions are reviewed. Tobacco remains the principal etiological factor with gastroesophageal reflux disease recently considered as a possible factor. In contrast, there is little evidence that microbiological agents, especially human papillomavirus infecti...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Updates in the Pathologic Diagnosis and Classification of Epithelial Neoplasms of Urachal Origin
Since the publication of the World Health Organization “blue book” in 2004, several recent studies have provided new insights on the pathologic aspects of urachal neoplasms. The proposed updates include modified criteria for the diagnosis of urachal carcinoma. A uniform nomenclature for cystic tumors was lacking, and it is recommended that urachal mucinous cystic tumors should be separated and classified in a manner similar to ovarian mucinous neoplasms. The spectrum includes mucinous cystadenoma, mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential, mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential with intraepithelial car...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 8, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Recent Developments in Non–HPV-related Adenocarcinomas of the Lower Female Genital Tract and Their Precursors
Most adenocarcinomas in the lower female genital tract (cervix, vagina, vulva) arise in the cervix and are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is an emerging spectrum of non–HPV-related cervical adenocarcinomas, the most common of which is so-called gastric type. In this review, the concept of gastric-type cervical adenocarcinomas and their possible precursor lesions is covered, the precursor lesions still being poorly understood. Other non–HPV-related cervical adenocarcinomas are also discussed, including new information regarding molecular events in mesonephric adenocarcinom...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
The Origin of Epithelial Neoplasms of the Ovary: An Alternative View
Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of epithelial neoplasms of the ovary. However, most of them did not receive serious consideration until recently when it has been proposed that most ovarian neoplasms arise from the fallopian tube. In this review, we mention the different theories, we discuss in detail the fallopian tube theory, and the reasons why this theory is probably inaccurate. We are also proposing a new theory, the fere ex nihilo, based on the observation of numerous cases, old and new concept, and experimental works with animals. We believe that, most probably, ovarian epithelial neoplasms ...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Epithelioid Sarcoma: Diagnostic Features and Genetics
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare, aggressive soft-tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, characterized by nodular aggregates of epithelioid cells, which are immunoreactive to cytokeratins (CKs) and epithelial membrane antigen, and often for CD34. It has a propensity for multifocal disease at presentation, local recurrence, and regional metastasis. These are aggressive neoplasms with particularly poor prognosis after regional or distant metastatic disease, for which surgical resection is still the mainstay of treatment, and options for patients with metastatic disease remain undefined. There are 2 distinct variants...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Updates on Morphology, Genetics, and Therapeutic Strategies
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) form the largest subgroup of liposarcomas, and represent a morphologic and behavioral spectrum of 1 disease entity, which arises typically in middle to late adult life, most frequently within the retroperitoneum or extremities. DDL is defined as nonlipogenic sarcoma that is juxtaposed to WDL, occurs as a recurrence of WDL or which can arise de novo, and typically has the appearance of undifferentiated pleomorphic or spindle cell sarcoma. DDL have a propensity for local recurrence, whereas distant metastasis is rarer, and behavior is related to ana...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Update on Thin Melanoma: Outcome of an International Workshop
The following communication summarizes the proceedings of a 1-day Workshop of the International Melanoma Pathology Study Group, which was devoted to thin melanoma. The definitions and histologic criteria for thin melanoma were reviewed. The principal differential diagnostic problems mentioned included the distinction of thin melanoma from nevi, especially from nevi of special site, irritated nevi, inflamed and regressing nevi, and dysplastic nevi. Histologic criteria for this analysis were discussed and the importance of clinico-pathologic correlation, especially in acral sites, was emphasized. Criteria for the minimal def...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Primary Pulmonary Salivary Gland-type Tumors: A Review and Update
Pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors (SGT) comprise a very small proportion of primary lung neoplasms. The most common tumors among this group are mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Contrary to the head and neck region, benign SGT such as pleomorphic adenomas are exceedingly rare in the pulmonary system. More recently, 2 additional SGT, namely hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma and salivary duct-like carcinoma were recognized as primary lung tumors expanding the spectrum of SGT that have been described to originate in the tracheobronchial system. Primary pulmonary SGT must be clinically excluded from meta...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 9, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
