Immunohistochemistry and Special Stains in Medical Liver Pathology
Histochemical and immunostains are routinely used to evaluate medical liver biopsy specimens. The use of these special stains allows the identification of more clinically important information than is available on hematoxylin and eosin stains alone. These special stains are important for evaluating active and chronic injury and for establishing a specific diagnosis. The skillful use of these stains greatly improves patient care. Information on the use of special stains can be scattered in different sources, making the information hard to access. In this article, the use of special stains in medical liver biopsies is concis...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 11, 2017 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Perineural Pseudoinvasion: An Unusual Phenomenon in Nonmalignancies
Perineural invasion (PNI) is characterized as tumoral or nontumoral cells invading in or around the nerves. The neural invasion is considered as a histopathologic characteristic for malignancy and is considered a mechanism for its spread. Both of these patterns usually portend a poor prognosis and very often are markers to prompt additional treatment. There are also some nonmalignancies representing PNI, including benign neoplasms, mimicking lesions, and disorders, such as chronic pancreatitis and endometriosis. The previously recommended terms are PNI, spread, or infiltration. To distinguish PNI in malignancies from that ...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 11, 2017 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Can the Misinterpretation Amendment Rate Be Used as a Measure of Interpretive Error in Anatomic Pathology?: Implications of a Survey of the Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology
In conclusion, the inconsistency in labeling scenarios as error, disagreement about the optimal post signout report modification for the correction of the error, and variability in error detection policies preclude the use of the misinterpretation amendment rate as a surrogate measure for error in anatomic pathology. There is little change in uniformity of definition, attitudes and perception of interpretive error in anatomic pathology in the last 10 years. (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 11, 2017 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Metastatic Organotropism: An Intrinsic Property of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes
It has long been known that some cancers have the propensity to metastasize to certain organs thus creating a nonrandom distribution of sites for distant relapse, a phenomenon known as “metastatic organotropism.” Some of these examples include ovary primary to abdominal cavity, prostate primary to bone, and pancreas primary to liver. In contrast, other tumor types, such as mammary and renal cell carcinoma, can relapse in multiple organs although approximately half of advanced breast cancers metastasize to bone. On the other hand gene expression profiling studies have identified various breast cancer classes with progno...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 11, 2017 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Pathology of Collecting Duct Carcinoma and Related Renal Cell Carcinomas
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and related tumors [ie, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC)] are rare types of highly aggressive renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with poor prognosis. Because of the rarity and diagnostic uncertainty of them, their molecular pathology and significance have not yet been fully elucidated. CDC, RMC, fumarate hydratase–deficient RCC (including hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC-associated RCC HLRCC-RCC), and recently reported anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearrangement RCC have significant morphologic overlaps, but they are separately distinct entities having different molecular pathway and clinical ...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - February 11, 2017 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Diagnostic Pathology: Genitourinary
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Pathophysiology of IgA Nephropathy
Immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy is the most prevalent primary chronic glomerular disease in the world. Studies of molecular and cellular interactions involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy have revealed several inherent abnormalities in the production and subsequent handling of IgA1. In patients with this disease, altered glycan structures in the unique hinge region of the heavy chains of IgA1 molecules lead to the exposure of antigenic determinants, which are recognized by naturally occurring antiglycan antibodies of the IgG and/or IgA1 isotype. In addition, due to a homing abnormality there is a gradual shift o...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Cytopathology of Follicular Cell Nodules
The detection of thyroid nodules, consisting of different diseases, represents a common finding in population. Their evaluation and diagnosis are mostly achieved with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Even though the majority of thyroid nodules are correctly diagnosed, a total of 25% to 30% of them are classified “indeterminate” comprising lesions with varying risk of malignancy and different types of management. Although the number of thyroid FNACs, including small lesions, is increasing due to the reliance upon sonographic and cytologic interpretations, there are issues concerning cytomorphologic interpretation...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
New and Emerging Diagnostic and Prognostic Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Prostate Pathology
The diagnosis of minimal prostatic adenocarcinoma can be challenging on prostate needle biopsy, and immunohistochemistry may be used to support the diagnosis of cancer. The International Society of Urologic Pathology currently recommends the use of the basal cell markers high–molecular-weight cytokeraratin and p63, and α-methylacyl-coenzyme-A racemase. However, there are caveats associated with the interpretation of these markers, particularly with benign mimickers. Another issue is that of early detection of presence and progression of disease and prediction of recurrence after clinical intervention. There remains a la...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Podocyte and Parietal Epithelial Cell Interactions in Health and Disease
The glomerulus has 3 resident cells namely mesangial cells that produce the mesangial matrix, endothelial cells that line the glomerular capillaries, and podocytes that cover the outer surface of the glomerular basement membrane. Parietal epithelial cells (PrECs), which line the Bowman’s capsule are not part of the glomerular tuft but may have an important role in the normal function of the glomerulus. A significant progress has been made in recent years regarding our understanding of the role and function of these cells in normal kidney and in kidneys with various types of glomerulopathy. In crescentic glomerulonephriti...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Primary Salivary Gland Type Tumors of the Thymus
The existence of primary salivary gland type tumors (SGTs), similar to those occurring in the major salivary glands, is well known in the thoracic cavity. When they occur in this anatomic area, these tumors more commonly arise from the lung. However, the existence of these tumors primarily affecting the thymus, although recognized in the literature, is rather not well documented or known. In addition, contrary to the primary lung SGTs, which are predominantly of the malignant type, these tumors when occur in thymus encompass a wider spectrum of biology ranging from benign to low grade, and high grade malignancy. The recogn...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
NF1 and Neurofibromin: Emerging Players in the Genetic Landscape of Desmoplastic Melanoma
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a monogenic disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, is caused by alterations in the NF1 gene which codes for the protein neurofibromin. Functionally, NF1 is a tumor suppressor as it is GTPase-activating protein that negatively regulates the MAPK pathway. More recently, much attention has focused on the role of NF1 and neurofibromin in melanoma as mutations in NF1 have been found to constitute 1 of the 4 distinct genomic categories of melanoma, with the other 3 comprising BRAF, NRAS, and “triple–wild-type” subtypes. In this review, we parse the literature on NF1 and neu...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - December 13, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Practical Cytopathology: A Diagnostic Approach to Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 14, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research
Book Review: The Gene
No abstract available (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 14, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research
Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma With Large Cystic Growth Configuration and Deceptive Pattern of Invasion Associated With Abundant Nodular Fasciitis-like Stroma: A Unique Hitherto Unreported Histology in Endometrioid Carcinoma
We describe a case of an unusual endometrial endometrioid carcinoma occurring in a 67-year-old woman. The tumor involved uterine corpus as well as lower uterine segment and presented as polypoid tumor protruding through the cervical orifice. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by broad zones of cytologically bland fibromyxoid stroma resembling nodular fasciitis, showing vaguely nodular architecture. Neoplastic glands were characterized by interconnected elongated slit-like and large cystic profiles, mostly lined by flattened epithelium with variable squamous differentiation, whereas typical columnar endometrioid c...
Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology - October 14, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: AMR Series Source Type: research
