Comprehensive analysis of CTLA-4 in the tumor immune microenvironment of 33 cancer types.

Comprehensive analysis of CTLA-4 in the tumor immune microenvironment of 33 cancer types. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jun 04;85:106633 Authors: Zhang C, Chen J, Song Q, Sun X, Xue M, Yang Z, Shang J Abstract Immunotherapy has recently become a powerful weapon against cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) was the first immune checkpoint used for immunotherapy. However, CTLA-4-related mechanisms in various cancers have not been comprehensively investigated. This aim of this study was an in-depth investigation of CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment and its relationship with other immunomodulators, immune-related pathways and survival outcomes of 33 cancer types. Overall 9,743 tumor samples and 710 normal samples of 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were included. CTLA-4 expression level was compared between tumor and normal tissues in 22 cancer types. The microenvironment cell populations (MCP)-counter method was used to analyze the correlation between CTLA-4 and immune cell infiltration. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were employed to investigate its relationship with immune pathways. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. CTLA-4 expression was found to be increased in some types of cancer and decreased in other cancer types (P < 0.05). When comparing between different tumor tissues, CTLA-4 ...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research