Risk factors predisposing to cardia gastric adenocarcinoma: Insights and new perspectives

The etiology of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is not known and is doubted. It is thought that cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) is distinct from adenocarcinomas located in the esophagus or distal stomach, both epidemiologically and biologically. Moreover, CGA is often identified in the advanced stage having a poor prognosis. In this paper, we would like to ascertain the possible role of GC family history, lifestyle, demographics, gastroesophageal reflux disease,Helicobacter pylori infection, and multiple genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as several predisposing conditions in susceptibility to CGA. AbstractRecent decades have seen an alarming increase in the incidence of cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) while noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA) has decreased. In 2012, 260  000 CGA cases (age‐standardised rate (ASR); 3.3/100 000) and 691 000 NCGA cases (ASR; 8.8/100 000) were reported worldwide. Compared with women, men had greater rates for both the subsites, especially for CGA. Recently, four molecular subtypes of GC have been proposed by the Cancer Genome Atl as (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG); however, these classifications do not take into account predisposing germline variants and their possible interaction with somatic alterations in carcinogenesis. The etiology of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is not known. It is thought that CGA is distinct from aden...
Source: Cancer Medicine - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research