Excess renin is attributed to the combination of forward and backward failure in HFrEF

ConclusionsWhile unrelated to classical indices of HF severity, circulating renin levels increase with the worsening of RVF, especially in the combined presence of forward and backward failure. This might explain normal renin levels in HFrEF patients but also excess renin levels in poor haemodynamic conditions.
Source: ESC Heart Failure - Category: Cardiology Authors: Tags: Original Article Source Type: research