Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms [SNPs] in the Shadows: Uncovering their Function in Non-Coding Region of Esophageal Cancer

Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 15. doi: 10.2174/0113892010265004231116092802. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEsophageal cancer is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in non-coding regions of the genome have emerged as crucial contributors to esophageal cancer susceptibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of SNPs in non-coding regions and their association with esophageal cancer. The accumulation of SNPs in the genome has been implicated in esophageal cancer risk. Various studies have identified specific locations in the genome where SNPs are more likely to occur, suggesting a location-specific response. Chromatin conformational studies have shed light on the localization of SNPs and their impact on gene transcription, posttranscriptional modifications, gene expression regulation, and histone modification. Furthermore, miRNA-related SNPs have been found to play a significant role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC]. These SNPs can affect miRNA binding sites, thereby altering target gene regulation and contributing to ESCC development. Additionally, the risk of ESCC has been linked to base excision repair, suggesting that SNPs in this pathway may influence disease susceptibility. Somatic DNA segment alterations and modified expression quantitative trait loci [eQTL] have also been associated with ESCC. These alterations can lead to disrupted gene expression and cellular pro...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Category: Biotechnology Authors: Source Type: research