Clinical Determinants of Longitudinal Disability in LGI-1-IgG Autoimmune Encephalitis

This study aims to evaluate longitudinal predictors of disability and disease severity in LGI-1-IgG AE. Methods This retrospective observational study of patients with LGI-1-IgG AE was conducted between 2013-2022. Disability and disease severity were defined by scores on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the clinical assessment scale in AE (CASE), respectively. Demographic variables, clinical/paraclinical data, brain MRI, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores were examined as predictors of mRS and CASE scores in logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Results Thirty patients (60% male, median age = 68.5; interquartile range (IQR) = 63.0–75.0) were included, with a median follow-up time of 19.1 months (IQR = 5.3–47.1) The majority developed seizures (29, [97%]) and/or cognitive impairment (30, [100%]) and received acute (27, [90%]) and maintenance (23 [77%]) immunotherapy. The median initial MOCA was 23/30 (IQR = 21.0–25.0). Baseline mRS (median = 2.0, IQR = 2.0–3.0) and CASE (mean = 4.3, SD = 3.7) correlated with one another (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and with initial MOCA score (mRS r = –0.60, p = 0.012; CASE r = –0.56, p = 0.021) After 12 months from symptom onset, mRS (OR = 0.88, [95% CI = 0.82–0.94], p < 0.001) and CASE (β = –0.03, [SE = 0.01], p < 0.001) improved significantly. Lower initial MOCA score (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47–0.98, p = 0.041) and temporal lobe(s) T2 hyperintensity...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: Autoimmune diseases, All Neuropsychology/Behavior, Assessment of cognitive disorders/dementia Research Article Source Type: research