Pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of anti ‐IgLON5 disease

Anti-immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule  5 (IgLON5) disease is an autoimmune encephalitis that presents with various symptoms, including sleep disorders, bulbar palsy, movement disorders, cognitive dysfunction and neuromuscular manifestations. Some patients have features mimicking neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive supranuc lear palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic examination and treatment of anti-immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5 disease. AbstractAnti-immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule  5 (IgLON5) disease is an autoimmune encephalitis that targets the cell adhesion molecule, IgLON5. The disease presents with various clinical features, including sleep disorders, bulbar palsy, movement disorders, cognitive dysfunction and neuromuscular manifestations. Sleep disorders are character ized by parasomnias and sleep-disordered breathing (stridor and sleep apnea). Bulbar palsy includes dysarthria, dysphagia, vocal cord paralysis and stridor. Movement disorders include a variety of symptoms and signs, such as chorea, dystonia, rigidity, tremor, myoclonus and myorhythmia. Cognitive dy sfunction includes executive dysfunction, impairment of attention, and verbal and visual memory dysfunction. Neuromuscular manifestations include fasciculations in the tongue and peripheral muscles, limb weakness, and muscle atrophy. Some patients resemble those with neurod...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research